西藏高寒地区不同年限设施蔬菜土壤理化性质变化及与农田、草地土壤的对比分析  

Changes of Soil Characteristics in Vegetable Greenhouse with Different Years in Controst with Local Agricultural and Pasture Land in Tibetan Region

作　　者：潘剑玲[1] 代万安[2] 王喜明[3] 陈晓鹏[1] 马丽娜[1] 郭瑞英[3] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院蔬菜研究所,西藏拉萨850032 [3]兰州大学生命科学学院,干旱农业生态研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《土壤通报》2013年第4期912-917,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：西藏自治区重点科研项目(2011年);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2010-53)资助

摘　　要：设施蔬菜种植已经成为高寒地区一种重要的土地利用方式,研究设施蔬菜土壤质量演变规律对高寒地区菜地养分管理和土壤质量提升策略以及蔬菜产业可持续发展规划具有重要意义。在西藏拉萨地区分别选取种植1年、5年和10年的设施菜地,并以农田、草地为对照,测定并比较土壤质量指标变化情况。结果表明,高寒地区设施菜地土壤EC值均高于农田和草地;但pH值低于草地,并随着种植年限的增加而显著降低。在0～15 cm土层,农田和菜地土壤有机质、C/N比值低于草地,而在15～30 cm土层,5年、10年设施土壤有机质、C/N比值显著高于1年设施种植土壤以及农田和草地。设施菜地体系增加了0～15 cm与15～30 cm土层土壤全氮的含量。与农田和草地相比,设施菜地土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷和可交换性钾出现明显累积现象,特别是5年和10年设施菜地。由此可见,在目前管理措施下,高寒地区设施菜地在连续种植5年后,土壤出现严重酸化和养分不平衡现象,应采取有效措施防止土壤质量退化。Greenhouse vegetables planting had become an important land use in alpine region. Research on the characteristics of soil quality changing in greenhouse cropping system had an important meaning for strategies of the vegetable field nutrient management and soil quality improving as well as sustainable development of vegetable production in alpine regions. In contrast with cropland and grassland, soil samples were taken from greenhouses with 1-year-, 5-year- and 10-year old history of vegetable cropping respectively to study the characteristics of soil quality changes. The results showed that the EC values of greenhouse soil were higher than cropland and grassland, but the pH values of greenhouse soil were lower than grassland and decreased significantly with the increase of greenhouse cropping age. In 0 - 15 cm soil layer, soil organic matter and C/N ratios of cropland soil and greenhouse soil were lower than grassland, but in 15 - 30 cm soil layer, soil organic matter and C/N ratios of 5-year- and 10-year-old greenhouse soil were significantly higher than 1-year old greenhouse soil, cropland and grassland soil. Greenhouse system increased soil total nitrogen contents in 0 - 15 cm and 15 - 30 cm. Compared to cropland and grassland, inorganic N content, available P and exchangeable K contents in greenhouse soil accumulated obviously, especially in 5-year- and 10-year-old greenhouse soil. Therefore, in alpine region, after five years planting, greenhouse soil appeared serious acidification and nutrient imbalance. It suggested that effective measures should be taken to prevent soil quality degradation.

关 键 词：高寒地区 设施菜地 种植年限 土壤质量 

分 类 号：S62[农业科学—园艺学]