施氮量对棉花氮素吸收利用和产量的影响  

Effects of N Application Rate on the N Uptake and Utilization and Yield of Cotton

作　　者：雷耀湖[1] 王平[2] 刘淑英[2] 张学昕[2] 周丽萍[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农垦农业研究院,甘肃武威733006 [2]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《土壤通报》2013年第4期940-944,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究了在施磷一致的前提下,增加施氮量对棉花氮素吸收利用及产量的影响。结果表明,棉花不同时期不同部位吸氮量最高的均为N3P2处理;不同施肥处理下棉花各器官氮素的吸收表现不同,大概表现为铃>茎>叶>根系。与不施氮相比,施氮对棉花根系、茎、叶片和花铃的吸氮量有明显的促进作用。各处理植株对氮素吸收的最高峰出现在盛铃期,阶段积累吸收量为57.79～251.77 kg hm-2,占总量的34.99%～53.68%。氮养分吸收速率从苗期到盛蕾期增长缓慢,盛蕾期到盛花期各处理氮养分吸收速率开始明显加快。当生育期进行到盛铃期时,各处理均达到吸收速率最高值,其中,N3P2处理的吸收速率高于其他处理,此后棉株对氮的吸收速率逐渐降低。试验中,N3P2处理产量达2622.33 kg hm-2,显著高于其它处理。N3P2处理单株铃数、单铃重、纯收益最大。Under the same P application rate, the effects of different N applying rates on the cotton N uptake and utilization and yield were studied in the present field experiment. The results showed that it was in the N3P2 treatment that cotton took up the highest amount of nitrogen at different growth stages and different parts of plant. In different fertilization treatments, cotton organs took up nitrogen in the order of the bell〉 stems 〉 leaves 〉 roots. Compared with non-nitrogen treatment, the application of N fertilizer significantly promoted N uptake through cotton roots, stems, leaves and flower bells. The peak of nitrogen uptake in cotton plants in different treatments appeared in the boll period, and the absorption capacity of phase accumulation was 57.79 - 251.77 kg hm^-2, accounting for 34.99% - 53.68% of total N uptake. Nitrogen absorption rate increased slowly from the seedling to the squaring stage, and significantly speeded up from squaring stage to flowering under all treatments. When approaching the full-boll stage, cottons in all treatments achieved the highest absorption rate, where those in N3P2 being characteristic of higher absorption rate than the others. Thereafter, N uptake rates of the cotton plants gradually decreased. In this experiment, treatment N3P2 had the largest yield 2622.33 kg hm^-2, which was significantly higher than the others. The boll number and boll weight and net income were all greatest in treatment N3P2.

关 键 词：棉花 氮 产量 

分 类 号：S562.01[农业科学—作物学]