两种松科植物精油对蚊虫的熏杀活性及其化学成分分析  

Chemical Composition and Fumigation Activity of Essential Oils from Leaves of Two Species of Pinaceae against Mosquitoes

作　　者：扶巧梅[1,2] 彭映辉[1] 熊国红[3] 申鸽[1] 卢钰铎[1] 郁凯[1] 程维 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,长沙410004 [2]蓝山县林业局,永州425800 [3]国家家用杀虫用品质量监督检验中心,益阳413000

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2013年第3期370-375,共6页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金重点项目(12JJ2017);湖南省教育厅高等学校科学研究重点项目(10A132);中南林业科技大学人才引进基金(104-0202)

摘　　要：用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取雪松鲜叶和马尾松鲜叶精油,采用密闭圆筒法测定其对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊成蚊的熏蒸活性,利用气相色谱质谱联用法分析两种精油的化学成分。结果表明:雪松叶和马尾松叶精油熏蒸白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊成蚊的24 h LC50值为4.23、2.32μg.cm 3和3.82、2.76μg.cm 3。在接近LC50值的精油熏蒸剂量4.11、2.34μg.cm 3和3.81、2.86μg.cm 3下,雪松叶和马尾松叶精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊的KT50值分别为15.50、13.69 min和17.77、17.23 min。鉴定出雪松叶精油中25种化合物,相对含量最高的是月桂烯(30.45%),其次是α蒎烯(29.04%)、β蒎烯(16.49%)、松油醇(9.29%)和石竹烯(4.09%)。鉴定出马尾松叶精油中33种化合物,相对含量最高的化合物为β蒎烯(41.95%),其次是α蒎烯(22.78%)、β水芹烯(5.03%)、大香叶烯(4.81%)。以上结果表明两种精油对两种成蚊均具有显著的熏蒸活性,具有研发成高效和环境友好型灭蚊剂的潜力。Essential oils were extracted from fresh leaves of Cedrus deodara and Pinus massoniana by steam distillation. The fumigating insecticidal activities of C. deodara oil and P. massoniana oil against Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus at different dosages were measured by airtight cylinder method. And, the chemical components of essential oils were analyzed and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrumetry. The LCs0 values of C. deodara oil and P. massoniana oil against adult ofA. albopictus and C. quinquefasciatus at 24 h were 4.23, 2.32 μg·cm^-3 and 25.62, 23.02μg·cm^-3, respectively. The KTs0 values were 15.50, 13.69 min and 17.77, 17.23 min at the concentration of essential oils of LCs0 values at 24 h. Twenty five compounds were identified in C. deoara oil, including myrcene （30.45%）, α-pinene （29.04%）, β-pinene （16.49%）, α-terpineol （9.29%）, caryophyllene （4.09%）. Thirty three compounds were identified in P. massoniana oil, including β-pinene （41.95%）, α-pinene （22.78%）, β-phellandrene （5.03%） and germacrene-d （4.81%）. The results indicate that C. deodara oil and P. massoniana oil are of high fumigation toxicity to mosquitoes and have the potential to be developed as effective, environment-friendly insecticide for control of mosquitoes.

关 键 词：雪松 马尾松 植物精油 白纹伊蚊 致倦库蚊 熏蒸 

分 类 号：S482-39[农业科学—农药学]