北京延庆盆地农田表层土壤肥力评价及其空间变异  

Assessment of Surface Soil Fertility and Its Spatial Variability in Yanqing Basin, Beijing, China

作　　者：叶回春[1] 张世文[2] 黄元仿[1] 王胜涛[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院/农业部华北耕地保育重点实验室/国土资源部农用地质量与监控重点实验室,北京100193 [2]安徽理工大学地球与环境学院,安徽淮南232001 [3]北京市土肥工作站,北京100029

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2013年第15期3151-3160,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41071152);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103005-01-01);国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(201011006-3)

摘　　要：【目的】土壤肥力评价及其空间变异研究,可为科学施肥、作物布局调整等提供依据。【方法】在以往土壤肥力评价仅考虑常规养分指标的基础上,引入微量元素养分指标,采用主成分分析法、隶属度函数和地统计方法,对北京延庆盆地表层土壤肥力进行综合评价,并研究其空间变异特征。【结果】研究区土壤常规养分和微量元素养分的综合肥力贡献率分别为0.63和0.37;土壤综合肥力指数处于0.22—0.97,平均为0.53;其空间变异具有一阶趋势,去除趋势后所剩残差表现出较弱的空间相关性;空间总体分布受有机质和全氮分布的影响较大,局部地区分布还受有效铜、有效锌等微量元素养分的影响;菜地土壤单一有效微量元素指标的肥力水平和综合肥力水平总体上均高于果园和粮田。【结论】将土壤常规养分和微量元素养分同时纳入土壤肥力质量评价指标体系是可行的和必要的,利用地统计学方法能较好地揭示土壤肥力质量的空间变异规律。【Objective】 Evaluating and studying on soil fertility evaluation and its spatial variability can provide a scientific basis for a solid foundation for scientific fertilization and agricultural structure adjustment.【Method】This paper proposed an evaluation index system which included microelement indexes based on former soil fertility evaluation only consider conventional nutrient indexes.Principal component analysis and membership function were used for assessing soil fertility and its spatial variability was analyzed by using geostatistics method.【Result】The results showed that the contribution rates for integrated fertility of soil conventional nutrient indexes and microelement indexes were 0.63 and 0.37,respectively.The soil integrated fertility index（IFI） in the study area was 0.22-0.97 with the average value of 0.53.The geostatistical trend analysis of IFI presented a one-order（linear） global trend and the semi-variance analysis of the residuals showed weak degree of spatial autocorrelation.The overall spatial distribution trends of soil fertility in Yanqing Basin was mainly affected by organic matter and total N.But in the local area,the micronutrients such as available Cu and available Zn played a leading role.Both fertility levels for single available microelement and soil integrated fertility of vegetable fields were higher than orchards and grain crop fields.【Conclusion】Therefore,bringing the microelement indexes into evaluation index system as same as conventional nutrient indexes is practicable and necessary,and geostatistical method can reveal satisfactorily the spatial variation pattern of soil fertility.

关 键 词：土壤肥力 评价 空间变异 延庆盆地 有效微量元素 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]