亚低温下水分对番茄幼苗干物质积累与养分吸收的影响  

Effects of Water on Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrition Absorption of Tomato Seedling Under Sub-Low Temperature

作　　者：徐菲[1] 李建明[1,2] 吴普特[1,2] 张大龙[1] 赵志华[1] 李俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2013年第15期3293-3304,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B01);国家"863"计划项目(2011AA100504)

摘　　要：【目的】揭示亚低温条件下水分对番茄幼苗氮钾营养元素吸收与分配的影响,为冬季温室番茄水肥科学管理提供依据。【方法】以番茄为材料,在温室内采用盆栽的方式,以适温(18—30℃)环境为对照,研究亚低温(4—20℃)条件下,灌溉补充蒸腾蒸发量(ET)分别为60%、80%、100%和120%的水分对温室番茄幼苗干物质积累分配及养分吸收分配的影响。【结果】与适温相比,亚低温下番茄幼苗根、茎、叶干物质的积累量随着补充水分的减少逐渐降低,且处理时间越长降低得越多;干物质向叶片分配的比例减少,向根茎中的分配比例增大;亚低温下番茄幼苗植株中N、K的总含量降低,N总量随着补充水分的减少而减少,K总量在补充100%ET时最大;亚低温使番茄幼苗根茎叶中N的含量增加,K的含量降低;根茎中N的含量随着补充水分的减少而降低,叶片中N的含量在补充100%ET时最高,根茎叶片中K的含量在补充60%ET时最高。亚低温下补充的水分小于80%ET时,根茎叶中N的积累量显著下降;随着处理时间的延长,N向叶片中的分配率降低,根茎中的分配率升高。随着生长时间的延长,番茄幼苗K向叶片中的分配率先降低后升高,根中的分配率大于适温下生长的番茄,且随补充的水分减少而逐渐升高。亚低温下补充100%ET水分叶片水势最大。【结论】在亚低温条件下补充100%ET水分有利于番茄幼苗干物质的积累以及对氮、钾元素的吸收。亚低温下番茄幼苗植株N的总量受水分影响较大,K总量受温度的影响较大。【Objective】 This study aims at discovering the effects of water on nitrogen and potassium nutrient absorption and distribution by tomato seedling growing at sub-low temperature,so as to provide a theoretical basis for nutrient management of greenhouse tomato cultivation in winter.【Method】 With potted tomato plants in greenhouse as the experiment materials,and with the plants under normal temperature（18-30℃） and 100%ET as control treatment,the influences of supplement 60%,80%,100% and 120% of ET of irrigation amount on the nutrition absorption and the influence of the distribution in tomato under sub-low temperature（4-20℃） in greenhouse were investigated.【Result】 Compared with the control treatment,dry matter accumulation in root,stem and leaf of tomato seedlings decreased with the decrease of ET water under sub-low temperature,and the longer the treatment time,the more reduction.The distribution proportion of dry matter in leaf decreased,but that in the stem and root increased.Under sub-low temperature the total content of N and K in tomato seedlings was lower than the control,the amount of N element reduced when the supplementary water dropped.The amount of K element was the highest with 100% ET of irrigation amount.The sub-low temperature increased the N content but reduced the K content in leaf,stem,and root.N content in the roots and stem reduced with the supplementary of water.N content in the leaf was the highest when 100% ET of irrigation amount was supplied,while that in the root and stem was the highest when 60% ET of irrigation amount was supplied.When the water supplied was less than 80% ET under low temperature,the accumulation of N in root,stem and leaf decreased significantly.As the treatment time prolonged,the distribution rate of N in the leaf was reduced,while that in the root and stem increased.When the growth time prolonged,the distribution rate of K in leaf decreased first but then rose.The distribution rate in root was larger than that in the control treatment,and rose

关 键 词：番茄 亚低温 水分胁迫 干物质积累 氮 磷 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]