不同品种水稻开花量估算模型  

Estimating Model for Rice Flowering Habit with Different Rice Varieties

作　　者：胡凝[1,2] 曹明会 江晓东[1,2] 胡继超[1,2] 姚克敏[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044 [3]广东省高要市气象局,高要526100

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2013年第4期440-446,共7页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：转基因生物新品种培育重大专项课题(2011ZX08011-001);江苏省农业气象重点实验室开放课题(KYQ1203)

摘　　要：以粳稻、籼稻和不育系3个类型10个水稻品种为试验材料，观测其逐日开花率和逐时开花率、每日始花穗数和开花总颖花数。利用正态分布函数模拟单穗理论开花率，并考虑温度、湿度、降水量、日照时数对开花率的影响，建立了开花率差值的逐步回归方程，进一步估算群体开花量的动态变化。结果表明，水稻的花期、花时性状主要由品种的遗传特性决定。粳稻的开花率峰值最明显，出现时间为11：48—12：22，开花历期较长，平均为7．7d；籼稻的峰值出现时间为9：36—10：53，开花历期平均为6．Od；不育系的开花率峰值不明显，开花历期平均为7．0d。研究同时表明，气象条件会改变水稻的开花习性，使逐日和逐时开花率相对差值分别在-16．85％-28．78％和-66．88％～95．03％的范围内波动，其中籼稻和不育系对气象条件的变化敏感程度较高，多数品种的开花率差值与温度、湿度的相关系数通过了0．05或0．01水平的显著性检验。因此，考虑气象条件对开花率的影响，可明显提高单穗开花量的拟合效果，有助于完善群体开花量模型。研究结果对掌握水稻开花生物学特性、了解气象条件对水稻开花习性的影响以及为水稻杂交育种和雄性不育系研究提供依据具有积极意义。10 varieties including sterile lines, indica rice and japonica rice, were chosen as experimental materials. The daily and hourly flowering percentage of single panicle, first-flowering panicles in each clay and total flower amount were measured. The theoretical flowering percentage was modeled by using the normal distribution function, and the stepwise regression was established to calculate the departure of flowering percentage considering the effect of temperature, humidity, precipitation and sunshine duration. Then the diurnal variation of the population flowering habit could be simulated by the daily and hourly flowering percentage, first-flowering panicles in each clay and total flower amount. The results showed that rice flowering habit was mainly decided by the genetic characteristics of varieties. Japonica rice had an obvious peak of flowering percentage during 11：48am - 12：22pm and a longer flowering period for 7.7d. While the flowering peak of indica rice was earlier than that of japonica rice （9：36am - 10：53am） and they had a shorter flowering period for 6. 0d. The sterile lines had not obvious peak of flowering percentage and its flowering period was 7.0d between japonica rice and indiea rice. Moreover, the meteorological factors would change the rule of rice flowering mentioned above, which led to the ralative departure of daily and hourly flowering percentage in - 16. 85% to 28.78% and - 66. 88% to 95.03%, respectively. Especially for indiea rice and sterile lines, the departure was sensitive to the meteorological factors, which was showed in the correlation coefficient P 〈 0. 05 and P 〈 0. 01. Therefore, with considering the meteorological factors, the precision of flowering amount for a single panicle would be improved, which was also better to estimate the population flowering amount. It was positive to master the biological characteristics of rice flowering, understand the effect of meteorological conditions on rice flowering habit, which could provide a basis reference to unders

关 键 词：水稻群体 粳稻 籼稻 花期 花时 开花量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]