基于信号共振稀疏分解与重分配小波尺度谱的转子碰摩故障诊断方法  

Rub-impact diagnosis of rotors with resonance-based sparse signal decomposition and reassigned wavelet scalogram

作　　者：陈向民[1] 于德介[1] 李蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,长沙410082

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2013年第13期27-33,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51275161);广东省省部产学研结合项目(2009B090300312);湖南省科技计划资助(2012SK3184);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20090161110006)资助项目

摘　　要：提出了基于信号共振稀疏分解与重分配小波尺度谱的转子碰摩故障诊断方法。与常规的基于频带划分的信号分解方法不同,信号共振稀疏分解方法根据信号中各成分品质因子的不同,将信号分解成高共振分量和低共振分量。当转子出现碰摩故障时,振动信号往往由以转频及谐波为主要成分的周期信号、包含转子故障信息的瞬态冲击信号以及噪声组成。周期信号为窄带信号,具有高的品质因子,可分解为高共振分量;而瞬态冲击信号为宽带信号,具有低的品质因子,可分解为低共振分量。本文方法先利用信号共振稀疏分解方法从转子碰摩信号中提取冲击成分,再对提取的冲击成分进行重分配小波尺度谱分析,最后根据尺度图中冲击成分的周期诊断转子碰摩故障。算法仿真和应用实例验证了该方法诊断转子碰摩故障的有效性。A method for rub-impact diagnosis of rotors based on resonance-based sparse signal decomposition and reassigned wavelet scalogram was proposed here.Differing from the tradition signal decomposition method based on frequency band,with the resonance-based sparse signal decomposition method a signal was decomposed into higher resonance components and lower resonance components according to their Q-factors.When a rub-impact occurred in a rotor system,the vibration signal was composed of periodic signals mainly containing rotor rotating frequency components and their harmonics,transient impulse signals with rotor fault information and noise.Periodic signals were a narrow band signal with a higher Q-factor,and could be decomposed into higher resonance components;while transient impulse signals were a wideband signal with a lower Q-factor,and could be decomposed into lower resonance components.With the proposed method,impulse components were extracted from a rub-impact signal of rotors using the resonance-based sparse signal decomposition,they were analyzed with the reassigned wavelet scalogram and the fault of rub-impact in a rotor system was diagnosed according to the periods of impulse components in the scalogram.Simulations and application examples showed that the proposed method is effective to diagnose rub-impact faults of rotor systems.

关 键 词：品质因子 共振 形态分量分析 重分配小波尺度谱 转子碰摩 

分 类 号：TH113.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TH165.3