电动车用永磁同步电机的转矩阶次特征分析  

Order feature analysis for torque ripple of permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric vehicle

作　　者：马琮淦[1] 左曙光[1] 杨德良 何吕昌[1] 孟姝[1] 孙庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学新能源汽车工程中心,上海201804 [2]上海燃料电池汽车动力系统有限公司,上海201804

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2013年第13期81-87,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：973计划项目(2011CB711201);国家自然科学基金(51075302)

摘　　要：针对电动汽车车身阶次振动和车内噪声的主要振源—永磁同步电机的转矩波动,首先通过转矩测量试验测得了电机24阶以内的动态、高阶转矩信号,分析与揭示了永磁同步电机转矩信号的阶次特性现象;为解释该试验现象,从理论上建立了一种考虑非正弦永磁磁场分布、开槽、时间谐波电流的永磁同步电机转矩波动数学模型,获得了谐波转矩的解析解,预测了转矩波动的阶次与频率,进而提出了试验测量动态、高阶转矩信号的转速判据。试验研究和理论研究表明:永磁同步电机的转矩具有明显的阶次波动特征,主要阶次有h-1、2(h-1)、6i+h-1、6i-h+1阶(h∈N,且由变频器决定;i∈N);h次时间谐波电流将单独引起h-1、2(h-1)阶的转矩波动,h次时间谐波电流、非正弦永磁磁场分布、开槽将共同引起6i+h-1、6i-h+1阶的转矩波动。Torque ripple of permanent magnet synchronous motor（PMSM） causes body structural vibration and noise in an electric vehicle.Here,firstly the dynamical and high order torque signals of PMSM were measured,their order features were revealed and analyzed.Then,a mathematical model of torque ripple in PMSM considering non-sinusoidal magnetic field distribution and slotting was built.Orders and frequencies of torque ripple were predicted and then the rotating speed criterion for measuring dynamical and high order torque signals was presented.Both test study and theoretical study showed that torque of PMSM has a feature of order ripple and the main orders are the（h-1）th orders,the 2（h-1）th orders,the（6i＋h-1）th orders and the（6i＋h-1）th orders（h∈N;i∈N）;the hth order current causes the（h-1）th order and the 2（h-1）th order torque ripple;the hth order current,non-sinusoidal magnetic field distribution and slotting cause the（6i＋h-1）th order and the（6i-h＋1）th order torque ripple.

关 键 词：电动车 永磁同步电机 高阶转矩波动 阶次分析 

分 类 号：U461.4[机械工程—车辆工程] TB533[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]