我国制造业人力资源现状及未来十年需求预测  

The Present Situation of Human Resources in China's Manufacturing Industry and Its Demand Forecasting in the Coming Decade

作　　者：刘菊香[1] 胡瑞文[2,1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市教育科学研究院 [2]上海市教育学会

出　　处：《高等工程教育研究》2013年第4期13-21,93,共10页Research in Higher Education of Engineering

基　　金：上海市教育科学研究院胡瑞文研究员主持的国家自然科学基金重点项目“新型国民教育体系构建与公平教育实现机制研究”(NSFC70833004)阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：过去十年间,我国制造业人力资本总量增长了50%,由2000年的16.9亿人年增加为2010年的24.9亿人年,但是从业人员总体受教育水平依然偏低,2010年大专及以上文化程度的比例仅为10%,人均受教育年限为9.8年;工程技术人员占从业人员的比例仅为3.2%,其中大专及以上文化程度者不足一半。为实现2020年我国制造业大专及以上文化程度人员比例提升至20%的目标,未来十年需补充2000万普通与成人高等教育毕业生,其中工科类需补充1200万人以上。课题组建议:政府主管部门和高等学校要加强制造业人才需求状况的调查研究,扩大机械、电气、化工、轻纺等学科的招生规模;相关高校要深化工科类专业教育教学改革,加强校企合作、产学合作,提高学生的创新和实践能力;相关企业要为大学生实习实训提供保障条件,吸引大学毕业生到企业就业、创业,并加强在岗员工的教育培训。Over the past decade, the total amount of the human capitals of China＇s manufacturing industry has grown by 50 percent, increasing from 1.69 billion persons per year in 2000 to 2.49 billion persons per year in 2010, but the overall level of the education of employees is still low. in 2010, the propor- tion of people with junior college and above education was only 10% ,and the per capita years of educa- tion was only 9.8 years~ engineers and technicians accounted for only 3.2~ in the proportion of em- ployees, among whom the percentage of people with junior college and above education was less than 50%. In order to realize the target of advancing the proportion with junior college and above education to 20~, 20 million graduates of general and adult higher education are needed in manufacturing indus- try in our country in the next decade including over 12 million graduates of engineering. Therefore, our research team suggests that the government departments and institutions of higher learning should strengthen the investigation and study of the demand of manufacturing talents and that the recruit- ment of students scale of some disciplines be expanded such as the mechanical, electrical, chemical, textile or other disciplines ~ then , related colleges and universities should deepen the teaching reform of engineering professional education, enhance university-enterprise cooperation and industry-universi- ty cooperation, improve the students＂ innovative and practical ability~ related enterprises should pro- vide necessary supporting conditions for college students~ practice and training, attract college gradu- ates to enterprises to take up an occupation or to carve out and to strengthen the education and train- ing on employees.

关 键 词：制造业 人力资源现状 需求预测 

分 类 号：F426[经济管理—产业经济] F272.92