区域耕地社会保障功能替代程度及其差异研究——基于北京市海淀区、大兴区24村214户农户问卷的实证  

Regional Substitution of Farmland Social Insurance Function

作　　者：张雪靓[1,2] 孔祥斌[1,2] 王洪雨[1] 程佳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]国土资源部农用地质量与监测重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《资源科学》2013年第8期1555-1566,共12页Resources Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目:"农地社会保障功能替代差异及农地流转对策研究"(编号:09YJA790192);教育部人文社会科学研究项目:"农地社会保障功能替代差异及农地流转对策研究"(批准号:09YJA790192);北京市自然科学基金项目:"大都市区域农地社会保障功能替代及农地流转对策研究"(编号:9113023)

摘　　要：中国人多地少的国情,决定耕地的社会保障功能将长期存在。因此,区域耕地社会保障功能是否得到有效替代,是决定区域耕地是否具有流转条件,实现土地规模化经营的关键制约因素。本文依据耕地社会保障功能的替代模型,测算出研究区耕地社会保障功能被其他农村保障体系替代的程度,并从区域间和农户间两个方面在宏观和微观层面分别分析造成耕地社会保障功能替代程度差异的原因,为区域土地流转提供相对客观的判断依据和发展方向。本文的研究方法是从农户对于耕地社会保障功能的需求和耕地对农户社会保障功能的供给两个角度,在耕地生产功能替代、价值功能替代和劳动力吸纳功能替代3个层次构建了耕地社会保障功能替代程度测算体系,并以北京市大兴区和海淀区的214份实地调研数据进行验证。研究结果显示:耕地生产功能替代程度海淀区为0.04,大兴区为-2.7;耕地价值功能替代程度海淀区为0.5,大兴区为0.3;耕地劳动力吸纳功能替代程度海淀区为0.43,大兴区为0.35。海淀区耕地社会保障功能替代程度高于大兴区,与经济发展水平一致。说明经济发展水平较高的地区,农户从粮食市场获得粮食的比例较大,参加非农就业的机会较多,农户对耕地社会保障功能的依赖程度较低、被替代程度较大,土地流转条件具备。Given the contradiction between more population and reduced arable land in China, farmland has become the last security insurance for households. This article focused on Haidian and Daxing districts in Beijing and calculated the substitution degree of the farmland social security function. Based on 214 questionnaires,the effectiveness and accuracy of the measurement is highly verified. Our findings indicate that the substitution degree of farmland production in Haidian is 0.04,and for Daxing is -2.70. The substitution degree of farmland value function of Haidian is 0.50,and for Daxing is 0.30. The substitution degree of farmland labor-bearing function of Haidian is 0.43,and for Daxing is 0.35. The substitution degree of farmland social security function is higher in Haidian compared with that in Daxing. The scale of family appears to be the key factor in the substitution degree of farmland production. The income of the family is a key factor in the substitution degree of farmland value function. The arable land of family is the key factor in the substitution degree of farmland labor-bearing function. In the region of stronger economic development,the rural surplus labor force would have more opportunity to join the non-farm payroll,while the non-agricultural income accounts for a higher proportion of family income. In such circumstance,farmers are less likely to depend on farmland social security and eventually farmland may be easier to circulate.

关 键 词：耕地社会保障功能 区域农户 土地流转 问卷调查 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济] F323.89F224