碳排放不公平性研究综述  

Review on the Inequality of Carbon Emissions

作　　者：陆淼菁[1] 陈红敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学环境科学与工程系,上海200433

出　　处：《资源科学》2013年第8期1617-1624,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金:"气候变化背景下低碳城市的政策措施研究"(编号:09AZD048);国家自然科学基金:"基于碳生产率的中国对外贸易损益分析及战略应对"(编号:71203030);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目:"中国建立基于强度限制的碳交易市场的关键问题研究"(编号:10YJCZH011);复旦大学"985工程"三期生态环境与人文社科交叉研究项目:"对外贸易中的隐含碳排放及其归责机制研究"(编号:EZH1829007/006)

摘　　要：随着国际社会对于全球气候变化问题重视程度的不断提升,二氧化碳等温室气体的总量控制成为趋势,而碳排放公平性问题的重要性也日益凸显。本文就当前国内外对碳排放不公平问题的研究做了系统梳理。从研究方法上来看,Gini系数、Theil指数、Kakwani指数、变异系数等都能在一定程度上解释碳排放的不公平性,并且不同方法间可以相互补充,其中Gini系数和Theil指数目前应用最广泛。实证方面,当前碳排放不公平性的研究可以分为3个层面,即国际或地区间碳排放不公平性、人际碳排放不公平性以及代际的碳排放不公平性。研究结果显示,各层面碳排放均存在不同程度的不公平。收入差距是造成国际和人际碳排放不公平的最主要原因。因此,发达国家和高收入者率先减排应当成为碳排放权分配的主要原则。显著的代际不公平则反映当前承担减排责任、落实可持续发展原则的紧迫性。国内的研究主要集中在对地区间碳排放不公平的探讨,在我国,除收入外,能源强度和碳强度也是影响地区间碳排放不公平性的重要因子,因此,应对国内碳排放不公平需要兼顾效率和公平。本文最后指出了当前研究的不足,并展望了未来碳排放不公平研究的可能方向。With the international community putting increasing emphasis on global climate change, the total control of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide has become a significant trend, and the problem of inequality in carbon emissions has become important. This paper reviewed research on the inequality in carbon emissions both at home and abroad. The Gini coefficient, Theil index, Kakwani index and coefficient of variation are commonly used and all of them can explain inequality in carbon emissions to some extent. Among them, the Gini coefficient and Theil index are the most widely used methods. The results show that there are varying degrees of inequality and the income gap is the main reason for such inequality in carbon emissions at the international （regional） and interpersonal levels. We recommend that developed countries and high-income groups take the lead in reducing emissions in terms of the allocation of both international and domestic carbon emission rights. Significant inter-generational inequality reflects the urgency of assuming responsibility for emissions reductions and implementing the principles of sustainable development. Research on the inequality in carbon emissions in China has mainly focused on regional levels. Apart from income, carbon intensity of energy and energy intensity are important factors leading to regional inequality in carbon emissions, which is to some extent different from the inequality at an international level. Typically, low-income groups have higher carbon intensity of energy and energy intensity. Apart from strictly limiting carbon emissions in high income groups, we must pay great attention to improving the energy efficiency and energy structure in low income groups. We conclude by discussing the shortage of current studies and proposing future research themes.

关 键 词：碳排放 不公平性 收入水平 减排责任 综述 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]