有机酸类化感物质对甜瓜的化感效应  

Allelopathic effects of organic acid allelochemicals on melon

作　　者：张志忠[1] 孙志浩[1] 陈文辉[2] 林文雄[3] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园艺学院,福州350002 [2]福州市蔬菜科学研究所,福州350012 [3]福建农林大学农业生态研究所,福州350002

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第15期4591-4598,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD07B03);福建省博士后经费资助;福建农林大学园艺学院青年学术骨干培养基金资助(FAFU2012YYPY08)

摘　　要：以甜瓜种质"新银辉"为材料,用苹果酸、柠檬酸、对羟基苯甲酸、肉桂酸、阿魏酸、水杨酸和香豆酸等7种有机酸类化感物质处理甜瓜种子和幼苗,探讨其对甜瓜的化感效应及作用机理。结果表明:苹果酸可以促进甜瓜种子发芽和幼苗胚根生长,抑制植株鲜重增加和胚轴生长;柠檬酸促进发芽,对羟基苯甲酸和肉桂酸抑制发芽,但三者均抑制胚根生长,且对鲜重和胚轴生长表现为低促高抑效应,高浓度肉桂酸对种子发芽和胚轴生长的抑制效应最强,可能是甜瓜重要的化感物质;阿魏酸和香豆酸对发芽表现为低促高抑效应,抑制鲜重、胚根和胚轴生长;水杨酸对发芽和胚轴生长表现为低促高抑效应、抑制鲜重和胚根生长。7种有机酸处理后过氧化物酶活性均增强,有机酸类物质对甜瓜的化感效应可能和其体内的过氧化氢水平有较高的相关性;苹果酸、肉桂酸、对羟基苯甲酸和水杨酸处理后甜瓜幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶的活性基本呈下降趋势,柠檬酸、阿魏酸和香豆酸则表现为低促高抑效应;过氧化物酶活性变化较复杂,但基本随处理浓度升高而上升;丙二醛含量大多低于对照。Melon is an important horticultural crop worldwide. In recent years, melon cultivation has been significantly affected by increasingly serious continuous cropping problems. Allelopathy is an important factor in the continuous cropping problems of melon. Organic acids are allelochemicals that are commonly found in Cucurbitaceae crops. However, there have been no reports on the isolation and characterization of allelochemicals from melon. In this research, we analyzed the effects of seven organic acid allelochemicals on the melon germplasm ＇New Silverlit＇. We evaluated the allelopathic effects of malic acid, citric acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, salicylic acid, and coumaric acid. Seeds and seedlings were treated with different concentrations of the seven organic acids and seed germination percentages, morphological indexes, and changes in protective enzyme systems of melon seedlings were determined. The results showed that the selected organic acids in the experiment affected seed germination and seedling growth to varying degrees. Different concentrations of the same organic acids had different effects. In general, lower concentrations of organic acids showed promoting effects, whereas higher concentrations inhibited seed germination and seedling growth. In some cases, the same concentration of different organic acids had different effects on the various germination and growth parameters. Malic acid and citric acid increased the seed germination percentage and germination index. Hydroxybenzoic acid resulted in decreased seed germination percentage and germination index, while ferulic acid and coumaric acid showed a promoting effect on these parameters at low concentrations and an inhibitory effect at high concentrations. Cinnamic acid inhibited seed germination. Salicylic acid promoted seed germination at low concentrations and inhibited it at high concentrations. Seedlings treated with malic acid, ferulic acid, salicylic acid, and coumaric acid showed significantly lower fresh weight

关 键 词：甜瓜 有机酸类化感物质 化感作用 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]