麻花秦艽种子休眠机理及其破除方法  

The causes of Gentiana straminea Maxim.seeds dormancy and the methods for its breaking

作　　者：李兵兵[1] 魏小红[1] 徐严[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,兰州730070 [2]郴州市农业科学研究所,郴州423042

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第15期4631-4638,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：澳大利亚援助局资助项目(072-036007)

摘　　要：通过对干燥贮藏后熟麻花秦艽种子透水性和粗提物活性的测定以及采用高锰酸钾、赤霉素、青霉素、硫酸、流水浸泡方法进行发芽试验,探讨了种子休眠机理和破除休眠的技术。结果表明:麻花秦艽种子吸水过程符合Logistic曲线,其种皮对种子吸水无阻碍作用;硫酸和高锰酸钾处理极显著提高了麻花秦艽种子的发芽率(P<0.01),说明种皮机械障碍是种子萌发的因素之一。种子粗提物在浓度为0.02—0.2 g/mL时具有很强的抑制活性,均对小麦、白菜和麻花秦艽种子萌发和生长产生抑制作用以及流水浸泡可以提高麻花秦艽种子发芽率,表明种子内源抑制物是影响其休眠的另一因素。不同处理均打破了种子休眠,显著提高了种子发芽率,其中1.5%高锰酸钾浸泡10 min光照培养下种子发芽率及发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。相比对照,1.5%高锰酸钾处理的种子发芽率极显著提高106.9%。经1.5%高锰酸钾浸泡10 min的麻花秦艽种子粗提物对白菜种子萌发的抑制作用低于未处理,以浓度为0.02—0.04 g/mL时抑制显著,说明高锰酸钾可减弱麻花秦艽种子内源抑制物的活性。综上所述,麻花秦艽种子的休眠属综合休眠。The experiment was conducted to investigate the dormancy mechanism of Gentiana straminea Maxim. seeds, which were dry stored for after-ripening, and techniques for breaking the seeds dormancy by measuring seeds water absorption and the activity of seeds crude extract as well as by conducting seeds germination trials after soaking the seeds in solutions of potassium permanganate, gibberellic acid, penicillin, sulfuric acid, and flowing water. Additional purpose of the present study was to find the right way to break the dormancy and to improve the germination rate of the G. Maxim. seeds in order to provide a theoretical basis for their artificially domesticated cultivation consequently enable the plant to be better and easily used in gardening. The results showed that changes of water absorption of G. Maxim. seeds to soaking duration were in line with the Logistic curve, which included sharp soaking, stable soaking and saturated soaking stages, and the seed capsule was unimpeded to water absorption. Treatments of soaking the seeds by 1 mol/L sulfuric acid and 1.5% potassium permanganate remarkably improved the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index （P〈0.01）, which suggests that the seed capsule barrier was one of factors of the seed dormancy. The crude extract of seeds had a strong inhibitory activity at concentrations of 0.02 to 0.2 g/mL and could inhibit germination and growth of wheat, cabbage and G. Maxim. seeds. With the increase of the concentrations of seeds crude extract, more effective inhibition of the seeds germination and growth rates were observed. The inhibitory activity in seeds crude extract treatment with the maximum concentration was considerably higher than the control. Soaking the seeds by flowing water could also improve germination rate of G. Maxim. seeds, which suggests that the intrinsic inhibitors was another cause of the seed dormancy. All different treatments significantly improved germination profiles of G. Maxim. seeds. Germination rate, germi

关 键 词：麻花秦艽种子 休眠 萌发 内源抑制物 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]