杉木人工林土壤质量演变过程中土壤微生物群落结构变化  

Effect of different Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation soil qualities on soil microbial community structure

作　　者：刘丽[1] 徐明恺[1] 汪思龙[1,2] 张倩茹[3] 王楠[3] 潘华奇[3] 胡江春[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所/森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院会同森林生态实验站,湖南418307 [3]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第15期4692-4706,共15页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41101221;40801093;40801202)

摘　　要：以中国科学院会同森林生态站自然林、杉木连栽林和杉木阔叶树混交林地土壤为研究对象,采用PCR-DGGE、DNA-sequencing和主成分分析(PCA)等方法分析土壤微生物群落结构变化及其与土壤质量变化之间的关系。结果表明,该地区杉木人工林土壤中细菌优势种群为α-、β-、γ-proteobacteria和Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacterioides(CFB)类群;真菌优势种群为子囊菌(Ascomycetes)和担子菌(Basidiomycetes)亚门的种属。杉木人工林替代自然林后,土壤细菌多样性指数显著降低,且随连栽代数增加呈持续降低趋势;杉木人工林土壤中与Pedobacter cryoconitis亲缘关系密切的细菌种群消失,出现与Xanthomonas sp.和Rhodanobacter sp.亲缘关系密切的细菌种群。土壤真菌群落结构的变化与细菌相反,杉木人工林替代自然林后并不断连栽时,土壤真菌多样性指数呈现上升的趋势,自然林土壤中优势真菌种群在杉木三代林中消失。杉木与火力楠或桤木混交后土壤细菌和真菌种群结构与自然林类似。土壤细菌多样性指数与土壤总有机碳、全氮、可溶性有机碳、铵态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量以及土壤pH值呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。土壤真菌多样性指数仅与土壤碳氮比呈显著正相关关系,而与土壤pH值呈显著负相关关系。杉木林土壤质量变化对土壤细菌和真菌优势种群有较大影响,细菌Burkholderia sp.、Pedobacter sp.、Xanthomonassp.和真菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum、Mycosphaerella cannabis可能是引起土壤质量变化的关键种群。Polymerase Chain Reaction- Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE）, DNA-sequencing, and Principal Component Analysis （PCA） technologies were adopted to assess the soil microbial community structure changes during the evolution of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation soil quality. The relationship between soil microbial community structure and soil quality changes was analyzed from C. Lanceolata plantations with different soil qualities at the Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS. The dominant species of soil bacteria in the C. Lanceolata plantations in this region are α, β, γ-proteobacteria, and Cytophaga Flexibacter Bacterioides （CFB）. The dominant species of fungi are the Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes subphylum species. The Shannon index showed that bacterial diversity associated with monospecific C. lanceolata plantations was lower than that of the natural forest or mixed C. lanceolata plantations. With continuous planting of artificial fir, the index continues to decrease. The replacement of natural forest with artificial fir also affects microbial species composition. For example, bacteria species with a close phylogenetic relationship to Pedobacter cryoconitis disappear from the artificial fir plantation soil. However, bacteria species with a close phylogenetic relationship to Xanthomonas sp. and Rhodanobacter sp. begin to appear in the soil of the continuously planted artificial fir forest. The pattern of change in the fungi community structure is opposite to that in the bacteria community. When the artificial fir forest replaces the natural forest, artificial fir is continuously planted, and the soil fungi diversification index continues to increase. The fungi community structure varies significantly between the third generation of artificial fir forest and the natural forest. Some fungi became dominant in the third generation of artificial fir forest, including Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Mycosphaerella cannabis and Marasmius graminum. Other research has shown that S

关 键 词：杉木人工林 微生物群落 DGGE PCA 土壤质量 

分 类 号：S791.27[农业科学—林木遗传育种]