西南地区家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏及其相关因素研究  

Prevalence of self-reported food allergy and related factors for infants and young children in southwest of China

作　　者：王瑜[1] 芮溧[2] 孙晓红[3] 黄璐娇[1] 庞学红[1] 曾果[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院,营养与食品卫生教研室,四川成都610041 [2]昆明医学院公共卫生学院,云南昆明650021 [3]贵阳医学院公共卫生学院,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2013年第8期853-856,共4页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金："达能营养中心膳食营养研究与宣教基金"2010年资助项目(DIC2010-10)

摘　　要：【目的】研究西南地区家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏现状及相关因素。【方法】采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取云贵川三省城乡6～24月龄婴幼儿3 344名作为对象,通过对婴幼儿看护人进行问卷调查收集婴幼儿食物过敏、致敏食物、婴幼儿及其家庭基本信息,初步探讨家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏流行趋势及特征,应用Logistic回归方法分析其相关因素。【结果】家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏发生率为9.54%,城市(13.62%)高于农村(5.69%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=61.51,P<0.05);性别及月龄组间无显著差异。主要致敏食物为鱼虾类(城市34.65%,农村30.63%)和蛋类(城市29.53%,农村27.03%),第3位致敏食物城乡有差异,城市是水果类(9.45%),农村是奶类(18.02%)。剖宫产儿食物过敏风险高于自然分娩儿(OR=1.53,P<0.05)、4个月内非纯母乳喂养儿食物过敏风险高于纯母乳喂养儿(OR=2.17,P<0.05)、断乳月龄早于4个月儿食物过敏风险高于4月龄后断乳儿(OR=1.55,P<0.05)。【结论】西南地区家长自述婴幼儿食物过敏发生率较高,值得进一步关注。自然分娩和母乳喂养可能有助于预防婴幼儿食物过敏。[Objective] To investigate the prevalence and related factors of self-reported food allergy for infants and young children in southwest China. [Methods] A cross-sectional study on food allergy was carried out among 3 344 in- fants and young children aged 6-24 months who were selected from urban and rural of Yunnan,Guizhou and Sichuan provinces by stratified random cluster method. Data on morbidity of self-reported allergy, food allergens and basic informations about both child and their family were collected from a questionnaire through interviewing infants＂ caregivers. The related fac- tors on food allergy were analyzed by Logistic regression models. [Results] The morbidity of self-reported food allergy in infants and young children was 9.54%, the difference between urban（13.62%） and rural（5.69%） group was statistically significant （3（2 =61.51 ,P〈0.05） ,and no differences were found in gender and age. The main food allergens were fish and shrimp （34. 65%）, eggs （29. 53%） and fruits （9. 45%） in urban, and there were fish and shrimp （30. 63%）, eggs （27.03% ） and dairy （18.02 %） in rural. The risk of food allergy for children in cesarean group was higher than that of chil- dren in natural delivery group （OR = 1.53,P〈0.05） ;Breastfeeding in 4 months after birth related to food allergy. The risk of food allergy in mixed feeding group was higher than that of exclusive breastfeeding group （OR=2. 17, P〈0. 05）. The risk of food allergy for infants in breastfeeding with less than 4 months was higher than that of infants in breastfeeding with more than 4 months （OR= 1.55,P〈0.05）. [Conclusions] The problem should cause our attention that the morbidity of self-reported food allergy in infants and young children is relatively high. Natural delivery and breastfeeding is likely to bene- fit to prevent food allergy in infants and young children.

关 键 词：食物过敏 婴幼儿 影响因素 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]