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作 者:王宁[1,2]
机构地区:[1]井冈山大学生命科学学院,吉安343009 [2]江西省生物多样性与生态工程重点实验室,吉安343009
出 处:《生态科学》2013年第3期365-371,378,共8页Ecological Science
基 金:国家自然科学基金项目(30860054);江西省自然科学基金项目(2009GQN0073);井冈山大学博士科研启动项目(JZB11027)
摘 要:运用民族植物学研究方法,对贵州宗地乡苗族聚集地野生植物资源利用进行了分析。结果发现:当地常用野生植物有83种,隶属42科,较多的为菊科12种(14.46%)、百合科6种(7.23%)、禾本科5种(6.02%)、蔷薇科5种(6.02%)。以根、茎、皮、叶、花、果实、芽、全株利用为主的植物,分别有7种(8.43%)、33种(39.76%)、3种(3.61%)、26种(31.33%)、2种(2.41%)、19种(22.89%)、5种(6.02%)和16种(19.28%)。食用植物有26种(31.33%);药用植物有37种(44.58%);建材植物有12种(14.46%);饲料植物有9种(10.84%);工艺植物有6种(7.23%);纤维植物有5种(6.02%);染料植物有3种(3.61%);油料植物有2种(2.41%);仪式用植物和娱乐植物各有1种(1.20%)。具三种利用类型的植物有6种(7.23%);具两种利用类型的植物有12种(14.46%)。研究表明,宗地乡苗族野生植物利用跟这些植物的生物学特性、喀斯特生境和当地苗族文化密不可分,需要进一步加强整理与挖掘。The utilization of wild plants in the Miao nationality resident regions of Zongdi Village of Guizhou Province was investigated through ethnobotanical research methods. It was found that 83 species belonging to 42 families were commonly used by local people. Compositae (12 species), Liliaceae (12 species), Gramineae (5 species) and Rosaceae (5 species) were the four important families which accounted for 14.46%, 7.23%, 6.02% and 6.02% of total species respectively. The main use parts of wild plants included root (7 species), stem (33 species), phloem (3 species), leaf (26 species), flower (2 species), fruit (19 species), bud (5 species) and whole plant (16 species), accounting for 8.43%, 39.76%, 3.61%, 31.33%, 2.41%, 22.89%, 6.02% and 19.28% of total species respectively. These wild plants were classified as food plant (26 species), medicinal plant (37 species), building material plant 02 species), forage plant (9 species), craR plant (6 species), fiber plant (5 species), dry plant (3 species), oil plant (2 species), spirit plant (1 species) and entertainment plant (1 species), accounting for 31.33%, 44.58%, 14.46%, 10.84%, 7.23%, 6.02%, 3.61%, 2.41%, 1.20% and 1.20% of total species respectively. There were 6 species (7.23%) with three uses and 12 species 04.46%) with two uses. The research suggests that there are close relationships between the utilization of these wild plants and their biological characteristics, karst environment and Miao nationality culture, which also need further research.
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