不同棉花种质资源耐热性苗期鉴定  

Thermo-tolerance Identification of Cotton Germplasm Resources During Seedling Stage

作　　者：刘少卿[1] 孙君灵[1] 何守朴[1] 贾银华[1] 周忠丽[1] 杜雄明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《核农学报》2013年第7期1029-1040,共12页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD13B04)

摘　　要：高温是非常严重的环境灾害之一,严重影响棉花的产量。本试验将不同棉花种质资源田间高温表现和幼苗高温条件下的生理生化变化相结合,建立苗期快速鉴定不同棉花种质资源耐热性的体系。首先鉴定了南丹巴地大花、常抗棉、早熟长绒、岱字棉55田间蕾铃脱落率、不孕籽率,三叶期48℃处理8h的幼苗萎蔫率、花粉相对萌发率(40℃),以确定种质的耐热性。然后测定不同苗龄期不同温度处理下这4份种质的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、还原型谷胱甘肽、谷胱甘肽还原酶、丙二醛、相对电导率和叶绿素含量。发现这10种指标在不同耐热性种质中存在着极显著的差异。并初步筛选出三叶期,40℃处理下的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、相对电导率、过氧化物酶、丙二醛和过氧化氢酶为苗期鉴定指标。同时用15份不同的棉花种质资源来验证这5个指标。最后结合三叶期的幼苗萎蔫率,建立了以三叶期40℃处理抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、相对电导率和萎蔫率为指标的棉花耐热性苗期鉴定方法。Heat stress is one of serious environmental disasters andgreatly affect on crop yield,.The purpose of our study was to establish the technological system to evaluate thermotolerance by combining the performance in the field high temperature with the physiological,biochemical and phenotypic characters in the seedling stage of the different cotton germplasm.Firstly thermotolerance of ＇Nandanbadidahua＇,＇Changkangmian＇,＇Zaoshuchangrong＇,and ＇Deltapine55＇ were determined based on boll abscission rate and infertility seed rates,the seedling wilting rate treated by 48℃ for 8h,and pollen relative germination rate（40℃） in vitro.Then we measured superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD）,catalase（CAT）,ascorbic acid（ASA）,ascorbic acid peroxidase（APX）,glutathione（GSH）,glutathione reductase（GR）,malondialdehyde（MDA）,relative conductive and chlorophyll contents at different seedling developmental stage under different temperature for 8h.The significant difference were found in the ten indexes among the four germplasms.Initially we choiced ascorbic acid peroxidase,relative conductive,POD,MDA and CAT of three leaf stage treated by 40℃ as index,and then we verified the five indexes using fifteen germplasms.Finally we established a rapidly identification system which include APX,relative conductive,seedling wiltting rate treated by 40℃ at three leaf stage for cotton thermotolerance.

关 键 词：棉花 生理生化指标 耐热性 苗期鉴定 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]