西瓜菌核病菌生物学特性的研究  

The Pathogenic Biological Characteristics of Watermelon Sclerotinia Rot

作　　者：刘志恒[1] 刘芳岑[1] 黄欣阳[1] 张婷婷[1] 滕晓菲[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2013年第1期32-36,共5页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

摘　　要：西瓜菌核病是北方春季冷棚西瓜上的重要病害,对西瓜菌核病菌的生物学特性进行了测定。结果表明:不同的温度、pH、碳氮源等条件对西瓜菌核病病菌的菌丝生长、菌核形成和萌发有显著影响。病菌菌丝在PDA培养基、25℃、pH值5.0条件下生长最好,菌落直径可达8.2cm;适宜菌丝生长的碳源为甘露醇,氮源为蛋白胨,菌落直径在7.5 cm以上;光照对菌丝生长影响较小;菌丝致死温度为48℃、10 min。胡萝卜煎汁培养基、PDA、PSA培养基利于菌核萌发,萌发率90%以上;菌核萌发最佳温度为20～25℃,pH值5～7;利于菌核萌发的碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为硫酸铵,萌发率均超过80%;菌核的致死温度为53℃,10min。Watermelon selerotinia rot is an important disease in cold shed of the northern spring. The pathogenic biological characteristics of Watermelon Sclerotinia rot was studied in this paper. The results showed that different nutrients, temperature, pH, and other conditions have a significant effect on the pathogen of watermelon sclerotiorum mycelial growth, sclerotia generated and sclerotia germination. PDA was the best of culture media in this experiment, the optimum temperature and pH for mycelia growth was 25℃ and 5.0, colony diameter was 8.2cm; the optimal C-source was Mannitol, the optimal N-source was peptone, colony diameter was above 7.5cm; the effect of light on mycelia growth was not evident and mycelia lethal temperature was 48℃ for 10 min. Sclerotia could germinat better on the carrot, PDA and watermelon media; the optimum temperature and pH for sclerotia germination was 20-25℃and 5-7. Dextrose and Ammonium sulfate was the best C-source and N-source for sclerotium germination better, germination rate of sclerotium was 85%; the sclerotia lethal temperature was 53℃ for 10 min.

关 键 词：西瓜菌核病 核盘菌 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S436.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]