Effects of N, P and K on Output and Nutrient Cycle of Vegetables in Greenhouses  

氮、磷、钾对设施蔬菜产量及养分循环的影响(英文)

作　　者：朱静华[1] 李玉华[1] 李明悦[1] 高伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市农业资源与环境研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2013年第7期1011-1016,共6页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission Program(07ZCGYNC00800);International Plant Nutrition Institute Program(Tianjin-2008,Tianjin-2009);Agricultural Eco-protection Program of Ministry of Agriculture(2110402-201258)~~

摘　　要：ObjectiveThe aim was to increase farmers’ income and reduce the waste of fertilizer by exploring effects of N, P and K fertilizations on vegetable yields and the accumulation of N, P and K in vegetable and soils. MethodThe fertilization tests were conducted on tomato, cauliflower and celery in greenhouses. ResultWhen N, P and K were not applied in tomato, cauliflower or celery, the yields reduced in 6.0%-13.8% and total annual income reduced by 39 220, 36 902 and 22 023 yuan/hm 2 respectively, suggesting that N, P and K are limiting factors of yield. The absorbed N amounts of tomato and cauliflower were higher compared with celery; the absorbed P amount of cauliflower was higher compared with tomato and celery; the absorbed K amount of tomato was the highest, followed by celery and cauliflower. The absorbed N in tomato fruit was lower than that of cauliflower and the absorbed N amount of other parts of tomato was also lower. Furthermore, the absorbed amounts of P and K by tomato and cauliflower fruits were higher than it absorbed by the other parts, especially the absorbed of K was significantly high. Total absorbed amounts of N, P and K from high to low were cauliflower, tomato and celery. After harvesting of tomato, cauliflower and celery, N, P and K in soils were all higher compared with soils before planting. Influenced by fertilizers, residual N content in soils grown with tomato and residual P content in soils grown with celery both doubled compared with base soils. Cauliflower plants were not applied with organic fertilizer, and residual N and K contents in soils were lower compared with tomato and celery. ConclusionResidual P content in soils is higher, which is a kind of waste and would cause pollution on soils. It is necessary to improve the proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizers in fertilization.[目的]增加农民收入,减少肥料浪费,研究氮、磷、钾肥施用对蔬菜产量的影响,以及氮、磷、钾肥在蔬菜、土壤中累积量。[方法]进行一个周年轮作设施番茄、菜花、芹菜田间施肥试验。[结果]当番茄、菜花、芹菜不施N、P、K肥时,减产6.0%~13.8%,年总收入分别减少39220、36902、22023元/hm2;氮、磷、钾素是蔬菜产量的限制因子。蔬菜中N吸收量：番茄和菜花〉芹菜,P吸收量：菜花〉番茄和芹菜,K吸收量：番茄〉芹菜〉菜花;番茄果实中氮吸收量低于菜花果实氮吸收量,植株氮吸收量也低于菜花植株。而果实中磷、钾的吸收量是高于植株,并且钾吸收量明显高于植株。氮、磷、钾吸收总量顺序为菜花〉番茄〉芹菜。番茄、菜花和芹菜收获后的土壤氮、磷、钾含量均高于种植前的土壤含量;受底施有机肥的影响,番茄土壤中残留氮含量、芹菜土壤残留磷含量都高于基础土壤含量2倍以上;菜花没施有机肥,土壤残留氮、钾含量低于番茄和芹菜。[结论]土壤残留磷含量比较高,造成资源浪费,也污染土壤环境。应加强有机无机配合施肥。

关 键 词：Rotation system of greenhouse vegetable YIELD N uptake P uptake K uptake Soil residues 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学]