Investigation on the Accumulation of Heavy Metals from Organic Fertilizer in Soil and Plant  

有机肥料重金属在土壤和作物中的积累效应研究(英文)

作　　者：杨晓磊[1] 王寓群 严瑾[1] 王华 林天杰 朱恩[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业技术推广服务中心,上海201103 [2]奉贤区农业技术推广中心,上海201499

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2013年第7期1021-1025,共5页农业科学与技术（英文版）

摘　　要：ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the accumulation of heavy metals from organic fertilizer in soil and plant. MethodThree plots were chosen in Shanghai suburb to measure the heavy metal accumulation by monitoring their concentrations in soil and plant after organic fertilizer was applied. We also analyzed the correlations of the heavy metals in soil and plants. Single-factor pollution index and Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index were adopted to evaluate the heavy metal contamination in soils. Moreover, how many years before the heavy metal accumulation will exceed the environmental capability if 45 t/hm 2 organic fertilizer is applied every year was also estimated in the present study. ResultThe rules of heavy metals’ accumulation in soil changed with the various soil characters and pH. The average concentrations of Pb, Cd and As in the tested plants exceeded the limits. The average concentration of Cu in the tested soil shared positive correlation with that in the tested plants. The average concentration of Pb in the tested soil was negatively correlated with that in the tested plant while the other heavy metals didn’t show the rule like that. Organic fertilizer application caused no obvious pollution to the soils. Cu would exceed the standard environmental capacity within 15 years if 45 t/hm 2 organic fertilizer is applied every year, while for Hg, it will be 2 000 years. ConclusionWhen the excessive organic fertilizer is put into the land, the heavy metals from organic fertilizer would accumulate in soil and plant. With continued excessive fertilization, the heavy metals especially Cu would exceed the stan- dard environmental capacity. More attention should be paid to the inputting amount of the organic fertilizer.[目的]探讨有机肥料重金属在土壤和作物中的积累效应。[方法]在上海郊区选取3个试验点进行有机肥料中重金属积累效应试验,跟踪监测施入有机肥的土壤和植株中的重金属浓度变化,并且了解重金属在土壤和作物中相关性。用单因子污染指数法和尼梅罗综合污染指数法评价土壤污染情况。研究对环境容量进行分析,掌握在上海土壤的环境允许年限规律。[结果]重金属根据土壤性质和土壤pH值不同,在土壤中积累效应规律有所不同。试验植株样品,铅、铬和砷平均值有超标。铜的土壤和作物中重金属含量有明显的正相关,铅的负相关相关度较其他重金属要大。其他4种重金属在作物中没有表现出明显相关性规律。施用有机肥对3块田土壤重金属影响不大,污染幅度且较为一致。对试验点进行环境容量年限分析,若按照45t/hm2的量投入类似试验用有机肥,铜将在15年内达到土壤容量标准。积累最低的为Hg,大约要2000年会使得土壤超过环境允许容量。[结论]当过量的有机肥施用后,重金属会在土壤和作物中均有累积。持续过量施肥可能会引起土壤中重金属超过环境允许最大容量,特别是铜已经有较明显的环境影响,因此在有机肥料施用田间技术上控制投入量。

关 键 词：Organic fertilizer Heavy metal SOIL CROP ACCUMULATION 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]