济宁市婴儿麻疹的流行特征及影响因素研究  

Study on epidemic characteristics and influence factors of infant measles in Jining

作　　者：史晓光[1] 

机构地区：[1]济宁市疾病预防控制中心免疫预防管理科,山东济宁272000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2013年第16期3120-3122,3124,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解消除麻疹阶段济宁市婴儿麻疹发病的流行特征,分析其影响因素,为控制婴儿麻疹发病提供依据。方法利用血清流行病学方法,检测母亲及不同月龄婴儿麻疹抗体水平;采用1:1配对病例对照研究,探索影响婴儿麻疹发病的危险因素。结果婴儿麻疹占全市麻疹发病总数的构成比为33.63%,呈逐年增高的趋势;从4月龄～开始发病明显增多,主要分布在6～8月龄,占发病总数的50.46%;≥8月龄婴儿病例无麻疹疫苗(MV)免疫史的占69.12%。0～8月龄婴儿麻疹抗体阳性率随着月龄的增长呈趋势性下降,6月龄和8月龄抗体阳性率分别只有17.02%和6.38%,抗体GMT分别为1:3.72和1:1.53。医疗机构暴露、流动人口儿童是影响婴儿麻疹发病的危险因素,适龄婴儿及时接种MV是保护因素。结论婴儿麻疹胎传抗体消失过早、MV接种不及时和社会环境中的高危因素是婴儿麻疹发病的主要原因。降低婴儿麻疹发病,应采取保持高水平的首针MV接种及时率及接种率、减少婴儿暴露机会、给育龄期妇女接种MV等综合性措施。OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological characteristics and influence factors of the incidence of infant measles at measles elimination phase in Jining, so as to provide evidences for infant measles control and prevention. METH- ODS Seroepidemiological method was used to detect measles antibody level of mother and baby with 1 ： 1 paired design, to explore the factors influencing the incidence of infant measles. RESULTS The proportion of infant measles accounted for 33.63% of Jining total measles, with an increasing tendency year by year. The incidence increased apparently from age of 4 months, mainly focusing at age of 6-8 months which accounted for 50.46% of total measles. 69.12% of infant cases with measles aged over 8 months had no MV vaccination history. Antibody positive rate showed a decreasing tendency from age of 0 to 8 months. The positive rate remained at only 17.02% at 6 months of age and 6.38% at 8 months of age with GMT antibody 1 ： 3.72 and 1 ： 1.53 respectively. Health facility exposure and floating children were the risk factors of infant measles, while infants of suitable age vaccinated with MV in time was a protective factor. CONCLUSION Major influencing factors of infant measles incidence includes early disappearance of mother-to-baby antibody, delayed vaccination of MV and other high risk factors in social environment. To decrease infant measles incidence, comprehensive measures such as maintaining a high level of the first dose coverage rate and timely rate of MV vaccination, reducing infant exposure opportunity and vaccinating women of reproductive age with MV should be taken into consideration.

关 键 词：婴儿麻疹 流行特征 影响因素 防控策略 

分 类 号：R725.111[医药卫生—儿科]