NMDA受体NR2B亚单位结构和功能的研究进展  

Research progress of the subunit NR2B of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor

作　　者：翁启芳[1] 龙儒桃[2] 张策[3] 

机构地区：[1]海南医学院生理学教研室,海南海口571199 [2]海南医学院病理生理学教研室 [3]山西医科大学生理学系

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2013年第16期3132-3134,3140,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：海南省科技厅自然科学基金资助课题(813194)

摘　　要：N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体(N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,NMDARs)是中枢神经系统中最重要的谷氨酸受体之一,属于配体和电压双门控的离子通道,由已知的7种亚单位(NR1、NR2A-D、NR3A-B)构成四聚体复合物且与细胞内骨架蛋白交互作用定位于神经元突触后膜致密区(post synaptic density,PSD),在神经元突触形成与维持、突触传递可塑性及学习和记忆等调节过程中起重要作用。过量谷氨酸对NMDARs的过度激活导致神经元损伤直至死亡可产生兴奋性神经毒。现已知NMDA受体的NR1、NR2B亚单位的选择性表达、亚单位异聚体组成以及亚单位磷酸化状态等均可影响NMDARs的功能从而在兴奋性神经毒过程发挥重要作用。本文对近期有关NMDARs NR2B亚单位结构生理特性、分布和功能性调节特点以及与兴奋性神经毒之间关系的研究进展做一综述。The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors （NMDARs） are the one of the most important glutamate receptors, belonged to ligand-gated and voltage-gated ion channels. NMDARs are composed of seven known subunits （NR1, NR2A-D, NR3A- B） that interact with various intracellu]ar scaffolding, anchoring and signaling molecules, located at the postsynaptic density. They play an important role in the regulation of synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Excitatory neurotoxicity is triggered by the over activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors that induced by overloading of glutamate. The physiological function of NMDARs could be regulated by its subunits （NR1 and NR2）. In particular, selective expres- sion, specific composition and phosphorylation of NMDARs subunits remarkably influence the function of NMDARs which is related with excitotoxic mechaninsms. This study reviews the relationship of the structural features, functional properties and regulation of the NR2B subunit and excitatory neurotoxicity.

关 键 词：NMDA受体 NR2B亚单位 兴奋性神经毒 

分 类 号：R338[医药卫生—人体生理学]