南方丘陵红壤旱地不同施肥模式对春玉米生物学特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on Biological Characteristics and Yield of Spring Maize in Hilly Red Soil Upland in Southern China

作　　者：唐海明[1] 汤文光[1] 殷玉梁 刘国栋 杨光立[1] 郭立君[1] 汤海涛[1] 张帆[1] 刘杰[1] 肖小平[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [2]湖南省华容县农业局,湖南华容414200 [3]湖南省华容县三封寺镇农技推广服务中心,湖南华容414205

出　　处：《玉米科学》2013年第4期107-111,共5页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD20B05)

摘　　要：以当地常规施肥模式(CK)为对照,研究南方丘陵红壤旱地不同施肥模式(CO:常规施肥+有机肥;CB,常规施肥+生物有机肥;CP:常规施肥+钾肥)对春玉米生物学特性及产量的影响。结果表明,单株叶面积和叶面积指数大小顺序为CO>CP>CB>CK处理,全生育期单株叶面积和叶面积指数均显著高于对照,抽雄期和成熟期CO和CP处理均显著高于其他处理。拔节期、抽雄期和成熟期CO和CP处理植株根系干重、茎干重均显著高于其他处理,CO处理植株叶干重显著高于对照。CO处理穗长显著高于对照;CP处理行粒数、穗粒数和百粒重均显著高于对照。CO、CB和CP处理产量分别比对照增加19.36%、13.08%和22.10%,增产原因主要是行粒数、穗粒数和百粒重的增加。The effects of different fertilization modes on biological characteristics and yield ot spring mmze in hilly red soil upland were studied. The field experiment was executed in plot field trial. The results showed that leaf area and leaf area index of spring maize with different fertilization modes were CO〉CP〉CB〉CK. And ANOVA re- vealed that the leaf area and leaf area index were significantly more from the three treatments during the whole growth periods of spring maize than that of the CK, while the CO and CP treatments had the largest leaf area and leaf area in- dex during the spring maize heading stage and maturing stage. CP and CO treatments had the largest dry weight of root and stem, while the CO treatment had the largest dry weight of leaves during the spring maize jointing stage, heading stage and maturing stage. The results indicated that applied potassium and organic fertilizer significantly increased the ear length, kernel number, number of grains in an ear and lO0-grains weight than the CK. And the ear length were increased with CO treatment, the kernel number, number of grains in an ear and 100-grains weight were increased with CP, CO and CB treatment. Meanwhile, the grain yield of spring maize with CO, CB and CP were increased by 19.36%, 13.08% and 22.10%, respectively, compared with the CK. The results clearly demonstrated that the grain yield of spring maize were significantly promoted by increase of kernel number, number of grains in an ear and 100-grains weight.

关 键 词：春玉米 施肥模式 生物学特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]