西南地区玉米大斑病菌生理小种鉴定  

Research Progress and Prospective of Waterlogging on Maize

作　　者：余卫东[1,2] 冯利平[2] 刘荣花[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局,河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室,郑州450003 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《玉米科学》2013年第4期143-147,共5页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业（气象）科研专项“夏玉米高产稳产气象保障关键技术研究”（GYHY201006041）、公益性行业（气象）科研专项“中国主要作物产量动态预报技术方法研究”（GY-HY201206022）

摘　　要：2008～2010年对采自西南地区的玉米大斑病标样经过单孢分离、纯化,共获得146个菌株。通过Ht单基因鉴别寄主进行生理小种鉴定,共鉴定出9个生理小种,分别为0、1、2、3、12、1N、2N、3N、N。0号小种占鉴定菌株的62.33%,为优势小种,其次为1号小种,占鉴定菌株15.07%。毒性频率分析表明,所有供试菌株对Ht1抗性基因的毒性频率最高,为20.99%;对Ht3抗性基因的毒性频率最低,为1.36%;对Ht2和HtN抗性基因的毒性频率分别为13.01%和9.57%。目前,西南地区玉米大斑病生理小种分化明显,并且产生了新的生理小种,对玉米生产存在潜在威胁。Based on summing up the research history and present situation of waterlogging on maize, this paper reviewed the waterlogging indexes, effects of waterlogging on maize development process, on yield and its co factors, on biochemical and physiological process, and the quantitative assessment methods by crop model. Up to now, there was no universally accepted standard of waterlogging for maize, and most of the indexes that had been built on the basis of precipitation or soil moistures. Around the soil moisture balance, considering multiple associated factors comprehensively, more studies would be performed in the future. Furthermore, strengthen research on the influence mechanism of waterlogging on maize, improve the ability of existing crop models to simulate the impact of disasters were aspects of its future.

关 键 词：玉米大斑病菌 生理小种 鉴定 毒性频率 

分 类 号：S422[农业科学—植物保护] S513