鲁桓公生年考——从鲁庄公“子同”得名之由说起  

A Research on the Birth Year of Duke Lu Huan

作　　者：吴柱[1] 董恩林[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文献研究所,武汉430079

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第4期71-76,共6页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：华中师范大学"中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金"自主项目"清代经解文献整理与研究"(CCNU09X00002)

摘　　要：关于鲁桓公的出生之年,史书没有明确记载,历代学者皆付之阙如。当其子鲁庄公出生之时,桓公因他与己"同物"而为他取名为"同",由此可推知桓公生年。因为,春秋时期流行岁星纪年,根据岁星——即木星大约十二年运行一周天的规律,将周天分成十二个位次。岁星运行到某次,就以该次纪年,十二年一轮回,类似今天的十二生肖纪年法。所谓"同物"就是"同岁",即鲁桓公和庄公出生之年,岁星运行都在同一个位次,也就是说桓公与庄公的年龄相差为"十二"的倍数。根据庄公出生年及史书所载桓公生平事迹可推断,桓公比庄公大二十四岁。庄公出生于桓公六年(前706),则桓公应出生于鲁惠公四十年(前729)。再以推出的年龄与史书记载桓公生平事迹相验证,无不符合。The literature lacks a clear record about the birth year of Duke Lu Huan in the Spring and Autumn period. Therefore, when people are faced with this problem, they remain silent. When Duke Lu Zhuang was born, his father Duke Huan found that he and his son shared the same thing, namely, the so-called Tong Wu. So he named Duke Zhuang as Tong, which means the Same. This paper proposes that the so-called Tong Wu should refer to the same course of Jupiter. Jupiter Annals was a popular custom in the Spring and Autumn period. The ancients used the law of the Jupiter for 12 years to run a lap in the sky, and hence divided the orbit of Jupiter into 12 uniform parts. When Jupiter moves to a certain place along its course, the people used it to record the year, and restart a cycle in every 12 years. Therefore, if Duke Huan and Duke Zhuang have the same course of Jupiter, Duke Huan must be multiples of 12 years older than his son. Based on the historical records of Duke Huan, it is predictable that Duke Huan is 24 years older than Duke Zhuang. Then Duke Zhuang should be born in 706 B. C. , and Duke Huan in 729 BC. This inference is consistent with the historical materials about Duke Huan.

关 键 词：鲁桓公 鲁庄公 同物 同岁 岁星纪年 

分 类 号：K225[历史地理—历史学]