渗水膜与吸水剂蓄水保墒耦合效应研究  

A Study on Soil Water Conservation Coupling Effects of Water Absorbent and Water Permeable Plastic Film Mulching

作　　者：王进鑫[1] 黄宝龙[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学,杨陵712100 [2]南京林业大学

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2000年第3期11-16,共6页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家"九五"重点科技攻关项目 !( 96 -0 0 7-0 1-0 1-0 2 )

摘　　要：采用二次回归正交组合设计 ,通过人工控水、自然蒸发试验 ,对两类具有不同蓄水保墒作用机制的新型保墒材料其耦合效应进行了研究。结果表明 ,在具有持续干旱与干湿交替并存的干旱、半干旱地区 ,二者联合应用能显著提高土壤的保墒率。各措施保墒作用的相对大小 ,与初始土壤水分贮量和降雨分布形成的干旱过程密切相关。低含水率持续干旱期 ,渗水膜覆盖的保墒效果远大于吸水剂 ,而干湿交替期吸水剂的保墒作用又大于渗水膜覆盖。在 3个月的循环干旱过程中 。Based on nature evaporation experimentation with artificial controled precipitation, two kinds of new type material for preserving soil moisture, water absorbing polymer (WAP) and water permeable plastic film (WPPF), were studied by means of orthogonal combination design. The results show that combining WAP with WPPF can strikingly increase the effects of soil water conservation.The relative importance of both measures to preserving soil moisture relate to arid process caused by the initial soil moisture and distribution of rainfall. The preserving soil moisture effect of WPPF is higher during the period of continuous drought and lower during the period of intermittent wetting and drying than that of WAP. Although the water conservation rates are of apparently difference in different arid process, their tendency is the same, that is, water conservation rate is directly proportional to the film cover rate and the amount of WAP. According to different arid process and specific requirement of preserving moisture,the optimum value region of combination measures is given under the conditions of 95% confidence degree. From the analysis of soil water availability of different treatments among three arid processes, it is shown that availability of soil water to plants during the whole circle drought is determind by water conservation measures in the period of continuous drought. To make the loessal soil water availability more than slight available level (60% field capacity) or middle available level (80% field capacity), the optimum combined measure is that the film cover rate is 67.1%～76.2%;the ratio of WAP to dry soil is 1∶673～1∶506,or the film cover rate is 92.7% ～97.3%;the ratio of WAP to dry soil is 1∶1?027～1∶424 respectively.

关 键 词：保墒材料 蓄水保墒 耦合效应 土壤水分有效性 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]