土壤养分状况系统研究法在上海两种土壤的肥效试验应用  

APPLICATION OF METHOD OF SYSTEMATIC STUDY ON SOIL NUTRITION STATE TO PADDY SOIL IN SHANGHAI SUBURBS

作　　者：赵定国[1] 章家骐[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院环境科学研究所,上海201106

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2000年第2期82-85,共4页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：PPI/ PPIC赞助项目

摘　　要：在土壤养分分析和养分吸附试验基础上 ,以高粱为指示作物作盆栽试验 ,对上海土壤 (黄泥土和夹沙泥 )中的作物养分障碍因子进行系统诊断 ,并将此结果与大田试验作比较 ,结果表明 :供试的黄泥土、夹沙泥两种水稻土养分缺乏顺序均为 P>N,Cu、Fe偏丰 ,K未显效 ;但是齐贤黄泥土土壤缺 Zn,而 Mn、Mo偏多 ;洪庙夹沙泥土壤却是缺 Mn、Mo,而 Zn偏多 ;另外 ,齐贤黄泥土土壤中 B含量恰当 ,而 S多 ;洪庙土壤 S含量恰当 ,而 B却多。氮和磷缺乏 ,K未显效的结果与该两种土壤的水稻、油菜肥效试验结果基本吻合。水稻盆栽试验表明 N和 P有效 ,K不显效。而大田试验结果表明 ,随氮的增加 ,稻谷产量有增加趋势 ;增加钾用量 ,对水稻基本无效。油菜大田试验结果与水稻试验一致。可见 ,采用土壤养分状况系统诊断方法 ,既准确、快速地诊断了上海黄泥土、夹沙泥两种土壤中作物养分限制因子相对的亏缺顺序和过丰状况 ,同时 ,也似初步反映了元素之间的一些相互影响的现象 (Zn与 Mn、Mo,B与 S) 。Based on soil nutrient analyses and adsorption tests, the pot experiments were carried out with sorghum as indicative crop to diagnose systematically the nutrition factors obstructing crop growth in two kinds of paddy soil from Shanghai suburbs. The diagnosis results showed that for both tested paddy soils, P was more deficient than N, Cu and Fe were overabundant and K application was inefficient for the percolating clay paddy soil from Qixian, Zn was deficient, Mn and Mo were overabundant; for the sandy loam paddy soil from Hongmiao, Zn was overabundant, Mn and Mo were deficient; in addition, for the percolating clay paddy soil, B was just sufficient, S was overabundant; while for the sandy loam paddy soil, S was just sufficient, B was overabundant. The results such as deficiency in N and P, inefficiency of K application were basically the same as the results observed in fertilizer experiments of rice and rape on the two kinds of paddy soil. The results of rice pot experiments showed that N and P fertilizers were efficient and K fertilizer was inefficient. The results of rice field experiments showed that the rice yields tended to increase with increasing N fertilizer while increasing K fertilizer had not the same effect. The results of rape field experiments accorded with those of rice field experiments.The method of systematically diagnosing soil nutrient state can not only reflect rapidly and accurately relative deficiency and over abundance of growth limiting nutritive factors in two kinds of soil in Shanghai suburbs but also reflect preliminarily some interelement phenomena and so can afford many important parameters and bases for further researches into the scientific application of fertilizers.

关 键 词：土壤养分 障碍因子 养分亏缺 系统研究 肥效 

分 类 号：S151.95[农业科学—土壤学]