荷兰东印度公司中国委员会与中荷茶叶贸易  

The China Committee of the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch-Chinese Tea Trade

作　　者：刘勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学东南亚研究中心,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第4期139-147,共9页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目"近代中荷茶叶贸易史研究"(11YJC770033)

摘　　要：荷兰东印度公司对华直航贸易始于1729年止于1794年。在这65年里,该贸易因为茶叶而经历了1729-1734年、1735-1756年、1757-1794年三个不同发展阶段。在第三阶段,荷印公司为适应重组对华贸易运营方式的现实需要而成立的直属机构中国委员会被赋予绝对权威,对该贸易实行全权管理。为有效监管对华贸易,中国委员会通过一系列举措指挥船务官员、商务大班以及巴城政府等对华贸易参与者各司其职地服务该贸易。中国委员会的有效管理,加之诸多重要外在因素,促使1757-1794年成为荷印公司对华茶叶贸易以固定经营方式维持时间最久的时期,其中1757-1781年更是其"黄金时代"。The Dutch East India Company＇s direct trade with China had lasted from 1729 to 1794. By reason of tea, the trade experienced three different stages： 1729-1734, 1735-1756 and 1757-1794. During the third stage, the China Committee, a direct subordinate body of the Company＇ s administration, which was established to meet the need of reorgani- zing the operation of the China trade, was authorized with full powers to manage the trade. In order to effectively regulate and supervise the China trade, the China Committee direct by means of a series of instructions the main participants in the trade, the ship7 s officers, the trade representatives and the High Government of Batavia, to properly perform their func- tions and duties in the trade. The China Committee7 s effective administration, together with several external factors, made the years of 1757-1794 into the longest period for the Company to maintain its Chinese tea trade in a fixed mode of opera- tion, and the years of 1757-1781 in particular witnessed the ＂Golden Age＂ of this trade.

关 键 词：荷兰东印度公司 中国委员会 茶叶贸易 

分 类 号：K141[历史地理—历史学]