佛山市南海区企业工人职业卫生与安全相关知信行的调查  

Safety knowledge,attitude,behaviors and occupational health of enterprise workers in Nanhai District of Foshan City

作　　者：管东波[1] 黄志雄[1] 陈维清[2] 黄绍斌[1] 黄杰周[1] 陈文英[1] 肖雅丽[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东省佛山市南海区疾病预防控制中心,528200 [2]中山大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《职业与健康》2013年第15期1825-1829,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解佛山市不同类型企业工人对安全氛围的认知情况、对职业卫生与安全的态度和行为的分布特征及其相互间的关系。方法调查34家制造业企业,共发出调查问卷6 929份,回收的合格调查表6 319份,合格率为91.2%。结果小型企业工人对工作场所安全氛围认知的得分(23.41±5.26)低于中型(24.89±5.00)和大型企业工人(25.49±4.56),工人安全氛围认知与年龄、工龄、教育程度、和企业规模等因素存在相关关系。大型(4.28±0.51)、中型(4.20±0.53)和小型企业工人(4.16±0.46)在生产安全态度方面的表现依次变差;对安全政策的态度与教育程度和企业规模有关,对管理者支持的态度与教育程度、收入水平和企业规模有关,乐观主义与年龄、工龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、收入水平和企业规模有关。大中小型企业工人的安全行为都有不同,中型企业的得分(2.86±0.64)相对较低,小型企业(3.03±0.56)和大型企业(2.90±0.68)的得分相对较高。作业姿势和卫生习惯仅与企业的规模有关;除企业规模外,操作安全还与年龄、性别和工龄相关。"消极态度"与各安全行为呈负相关,安全态度与各生产安全行为呈正相关。结论该区大型企业工人的安全认知和安全态度表现优于中型和小型企业,大型和小型企业的工人安全行为得分要优于中型企业。工人对安全氛围的良好认知能形成较好的安全态度,同时良好的安全态度有利于形成正确的安全行为。[ Objective ] To understand the distribution characteristics of workers＇ occupational knowledge, safety attitudes and safety behaviors, as well as the relationship between them and the influencing factors of health behaviors in Foshan City. [ Methods ] A to- tal of 34 manufacturing enterprises were surveyed, 6 319 out of 6 929 questionnaires （91.2%） were valid. [ Results] The score of safety environment awareness of workers in small enterprises （ 23. 41 ± 5. 26 ） was lower than that of workers in medium （ 24.89 ± 5.00 ） and large （ 25.49 ± 4.56 ） scale enterprises （ P 〈 0. 001 ）. The score of safety environment perception was related with age, service lengthen, education, marriage and enterprise scale. Safety attitudes of workers from large to small enterprises were from good to bad （ P 〈 0.001 ）. Safety attitude was related with the educational background of workers, and the manager sup- portive attitude was assoeiated with educational background, income and the enterprise scale. The optimism was related with age, serviee length, marriage, educational background, income and enterprise scale. The safety behaviors were significantly different be- tween workers from enterprises of different scales, the scores were （ 2.86 ± 0.64 ） in medium scale, （ 3.03 ± 0.56 ） in small ones and （ 2.90 ± 0.68 ） in big ones. The working posture and health habit were only associated with enterprise scale. Besides enterprise scale, the safe operation was associated with age, gender and service length. Negative attitude was negatively correlated with safety behaviors, while safety attitudes were positively correlated with safety behaviors. [ Conclusion] Safety awareness and safety attitudes of workers in large scale enterprises are better than workers from small and medium enterprises. While the safety behaviors of work- ers from small and large enterprises are better than medium enterprises. Workers with better awareness on safety environment can form better safety attitude while also h

关 键 词：职业卫生 职业安全 安全认知 安全态度 安全行为 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]