改善大气质量需配套提升油品质量标准  

Air quality improvement needs upgrading of oil product quality standards in China

作　　者：周学双[1,2] 童莉 韩建华 郭森[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东),山东省青岛市257061 [2]环境保护部环境工程评估中心,北京市100012 [3]中国石油化工股份有限公司抚顺石油化工研究院,辽宁省抚顺市113001

出　　处：《炼油技术与工程》2013年第7期61-64,共4页Petroleum Refinery Engineering

摘　　要：油品与大气质量和人群健康密切相关,现阶段中国柴油燃烧尾气的污染是油品使用中最主要的污染来源。从环保角度分析,中国油品质量标准存在的主要问题有柴油质量标准体系欠科学,"双轨制"对控制柴油燃烧污染极为不利;柴油低硫化进程慢,缺少总芳烃指标,对尾气污染毒性控制不利;汽油标准中的烯烃、芳烃限值过高,对复合型大气污染贡献显著;柴油低硫化进程慢,缺少总芳烃指标对尾气污染毒性控制不利。这些问题加剧了油品在运输和使用过程中挥发性有机物污染物排放和PM2.5的生成,亦是中国区域复合型大气污染的主要原因之一。因此从环保角度,建议参考美国标准,尽快完善中国油品质量标准体系,将柴油质量标准统一,增加控制柴油总芳烃限值,降低多环芳烃限值,并加快低硫化步伐;汽油国Ⅴ标准按计划推进低硫化,同时降低烯烃、芳烃含量限值和蒸汽压最高限值;对大气污染严重的中东部大中型城市圈实行差别化管理;制定有针对性的一揽子产业环保政策与规划,加快炼油工业升级改造进程;在排污收费、总量控制管理等方面加大优质、优价炼油企业的环保政策保障;摸清地方炼油企业底数,分类引导,规范整治,有效改善大气环境质量。The oil product quality is closely related to the ambient air quality and human health,and the main pollution source at present is exhaust emissions from diesel combustion.As compared with developed countries,the quality standards of oil products in China are apparently low,especially the quality standard of diesel oil.From the view of environment protection,the oil product quality standards in China are not scientific enough and are slow in regulating lower sulfur fuel.There is no total aromatic specification.The aromatics and olefins are too high in gasoline quality standard.As the result,there will be more volatile organic compounds（VOC） and PM2.5 generated in transportation and use of oil products,which is one of causes of complex air pollution.It is recommended that,the China’s quality standard system of oil products should be established as soon as possible with reference to American standards.The total aromatics limit and the lower polycyclic aromatics should be specified in diesel standard.The low-sulfur products should be promoted.In Guo Ⅴ gasoline standard,lower sulfur,olefin and aromatics and limit of vapor pressure should be specified.In the region where the pollution is heavy,practical programs and policies of environmental protection should be developed and implemented for different industries so as to accelerate the oil refining industry and effectively improve the air quality.

关 键 词：油品质量标准 环境保护 大气质量 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济] X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]