奶牛围产期葡萄糖营养平衡及其调控研究进展  

Research advances in glucose balance and regulation for perinatal dairy cattle

作　　者：孙菲菲[1] 曹阳春[1] 姚军虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《饲料工业》2013年第15期46-50,共5页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划[2012BAD12B02;2012BAD39B05-2];陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划[2011KTCQ02-02];科技部国际科技合作与交流专项[2010DFB34230]

摘　　要：奶牛围产后期干物质采食量(DMI)下降明显,处于能量负平衡(NEB)状态,机体通过动员体脂满足胎儿、启动泌乳及维持的能量需要,其饲养管理关系到整个泌乳期的成败。脂类饲料中的不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)易被氧化,通过增加脂类提高日粮能量浓度会加剧奶牛氧化应激。葡萄糖是反刍动物的重要能量来源,不仅参与细胞能量代谢过程,而且还是乳腺合成乳糖的前体物质,源于内源生成和肠道吸收。运用营养调控技术促进葡萄糖摄取,提高机体可利用葡萄糖水平,是解决NEB问题和降低氧化应激的有效策略。文章总结了反刍动物机体葡萄糖的来源及影响葡萄糖吸收的因素,并探讨提高围产期奶牛可利用葡萄糖水平的技术方案,以期为葡萄糖的合理供应提供依据。A significant decrease of dry matter intake （DMI） is usually found in perinatal dairy cattle, which contributes to the onset of negative energy balance （NEB）. l）uring this period, the cow niobilizes body fat to lneet the energy requirements of fetus, establislunent of lactation and self-nlainlaining, and feeding management should be thoroughly taken into consideration. Unsat- urated fatty acids （UFA） involved in oils are susceptible to oxidation, this is why oxidative stress of dairy cows is intensified. Glucose, derived from endogenous generation and intestinal absorbtion, is an important energy source for ruminant animals. It can not only participate in the process of cellular metabolism, but also as an essential precursor during lactose synthesis in mammary gland. To improve available glucose by promoting glucose uptake may be an effective was to mitigate NEB and oxidative stress. The article summarized the origins nuninant available glucose as well as taclors affecting its absorption. Finally, based on the existing research, we made an in-depth discussion of technological solutions to enhance the available glucose level, aiming at providing references for reasonable glucose provision （luring perinatal period.

关 键 词：葡萄糖 高效利用 营养调控 围产期 奶牛 

分 类 号：S823.91[农业科学—畜牧学]