中华绒螯蟹3个育种基础群体遗传特征的微卫星分析  

Microsatellite Analysis on the Genetic Structure of Three Breeding Stocks of Eriocheir Sinensis

作　　者：唐刘秀[1,2] 许志强[2] 葛家春[1,2,3] 陈乙荣 赵沐子[2] 杨家新[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学生命科学学院,江苏南京210023 [2]江苏省淡水水产研究所,江苏南京210017 [3]南京淳一水产科技发展有限公司,江苏高淳211316 [4]高淳县固城湖石臼湖管理委员会,江苏高淳211300

出　　处：《南京师大学报（自然科学版）》2013年第2期84-90,共7页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(cx(10)125)

摘　　要：为进行长江水系中华绒螯蟹优良品系的选育,本研究利用16对微卫星引物对长江水系中华绒螯蟹3个育种基础群体(第一群体采自长江口崇明团结沙,第二群体采自长江扬中江段,第三群体采自长江靖江、六合、江浦江段)共计89个个体的遗传特征进行分析.结果表明:3个中华绒螯蟹基础群体均具有较高的遗传多样性(其总体平均期望杂合度He为0.701 4).各群体在16个微卫星位点上的观察杂合度(Ho)均高于期望杂合度(He),第一群体、第二群体和第三群体的平均观察杂合度分别为0.775 0、0.745 7、0.791 7,平均期望杂合度分别为0.705 0、0.702 9、0.696 4.第一群体的平均期望杂合度最高,第三群体最低,各群体间无显著性差异(P>0.05).3个基础群体在16个微卫星位点上的固定指数Fis多为负值,其中第三群体的Fis最小(-0.156 1),第二群体的Fis最大(-0.079 6),提示本研究中各群体内部存在着较为明显的远缘繁殖现象.3个群体的Hardy-Weinberg平衡偏离指数(D)在-0.379 4～0.966 6,每个群体均有5个微卫星位点存在杂合子缺失现象.本研究中各群体间遗传距离介于0.032 1～0.038 4,其中第一群体与第二群体间的遗传距离最小(0.032 1),第二群体与第三群体间的遗传距离最大(0.038 4).总体而言,本次研究所选的3个基础群体遗传多样性指数均较高,适合作为选育的材料.In order to select excellent germplasm of Eriocheir sinensis, 16 pairs of microsatellite primers were used to analyze the genetic characters of 3 base stocks which were collected from Chongming Tuanjiesha of Yangtze River Delta, Yangzhong section,and Jingjiang, Liuhe, Jiang Pu sections of Yangtze River respectively. The results showed that the genetic diversity indices of the 3 stocks are high with average expected heterozygosities（He） as 0. 701 4, and the average observed heterozygosities（Ho） of the 3 stocks were higher than the average expected heterozygosities （He）in the all 16 microsatellite loci. The average observed heterozygosities（Ho） of the 3 stocks were 0.775 0,0.745 7 and 0.791 7, and the average expected heterozygosities （He） were 0. 705 0, O. 702 9, and 0. 696 4 respectively. The first stock had the highest He,while the third stock had the lowest value, but there was no significant difference among the three stocks（P〉 0.05）. The fixation indices （Fis） were used to evaluate the inbreeding or outcrossing of the 3 stocks, and the negative values were observed at almost all 16 microsatellite loci for the 3 stocks. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （D）among the three stocks ranged from -0. 379 4 to 0. 966 6, and there were heterozygous reduction at five locus in each of these stocks. The pairwised genetic distance among the three stocks ranged from 0. 032 1 to 0. 038 4. The Ds between the first and second stock was smaller（0. 032 1 ） than any others and it can be inferred that the genetic exchange between them was more frequent. Overall, the three base stocks in the present study had relatively higher genetic diversities, and it was suitable for selective breeding.

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 微卫星 育种基础群体 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]