针具交换对注射吸毒人群高危吸毒行为及HIV感染的影响  

Influence of Needle Exchange Programs on Injection Risk Behaviors and HIV Infection Among Injection Drug Users

作　　者：李荣健[1] 蓝光华[1] 李明丽[2] 黄玉满[1] 刘伟[1] 杨进业[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心,广西南宁530028 [2]广西医科大学研究生学院

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2013年第8期925-927,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的评价广西针具交换项目通过影响注射吸毒人群高危吸毒行为达到预防艾滋病传播的效果。方法选择吸毒较严重的2个市（县／区）的针具交换点作为研究现场，采取面对面访谈的方式开展结构式问卷调查，内容包括人口学特征、参加针具交换情况及其影响因素、高危吸毒行为等；并采集研究对象的血样进行HIV抗体检测。采用z。检验、单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析来评价针具交换项目对注射吸毒人群高危吸毒行为及HIV感染的影响。结果共调查355名注射吸毒者，其中近1年参加针具交换项目的为304人，未参加者51人。多因素Logistic分析结果显示，参加针具交换者有利于降低注射吸毒者重复使用1支针（OR=0．15，95％CI=0．07-0．33）和共用针具（OR=0．08，95％CI=0．07～0．33）注射吸毒的不安全注射行为；而长时间的吸毒年限、每天注射吸毒、重复使用及共用针具是注射吸毒者感染HIV的危险因素。结论针具交换项目能有效降低注射吸毒人群共用针具的行为，在预防艾滋病传播中具有重要作用。Objective Our purpose was to assess whether participation in needle exchange programs （NEPs） could pre- vent the spread of AIDS by influencing injection risk behaviors among injection drug users （IDUs） in Guangxi. Methods The survey was carried out in the needle exchange points of two cities with serious drug abuse. The demographic characteristics, the pariticipation of NEPs and its influencing factors, the injection risk behaviors among IDUs were investigated with a structured questionnaire by face interview, Blood wa~ collected to detect HIV antibodies. The effects of NEPs on injection risk behaviors and HIV infection were evaluated by pearson 2 test, simple and multivariate logistic regression. Results Totally, 355 IDUs were surveyed, among whom 304 participated in the NEPs in the recent year and 51 did not. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that NEPs participation could reduce the unsafe injection behaviors of repeated use of one needle （ OR = 0.15, 95% （7.1 = 0.07 --0.33） and sharing needles （ OR = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.07--0.33） among IDUs. Longer injection duration, injecting daily, and repeatedly using and sharing needles were risk factors to contract HIV infection for IDUs. Conclusions NEPs can effectively reduce risk behaviors of sharing needles among IDUs. They play important roles in the prevention of HIV spread.

关 键 词：艾滋病病毒 注射吸毒者 针具交换项目 高危行为 效果评价 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]