云南引种印楝实生栽培种群表型的地理变异  

Geographic Variation of Morphological Characters among Cultivated Neem (Azadirachta indica) Populations in Yunnan,China

作　　者：彭兴民[1] 吴疆翀[1] 郑益兴[1] 张燕平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2013年第4期399-405,共7页Forest Research

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD21B04);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD18B0302)

摘　　要：采用形态学标记,按照完全随机设计和巢式设计,沿印楝云南分布区的纬度和海拔梯度布点调查和采样,测量9个种群90个单株14个形态性状,运用多元统计分析方法,揭示云南分布区印楝表型的地理变异格局。结果表明:印楝种内表型性状在种群间和种群内个体间均存在着较丰富的差异。营养性状变异与年平均气温(21.7 24.8℃)呈显著正相关,与海拔(197.0 1 277.0 m)和纬度(23°06'N 25°48'N)呈显著负相关,空间分布上呈现纬向的单向变异模式;繁殖性状变异与年平均气温、年降水量(634.0 1 060.0 mm)、经度(101°51'103°11'E)呈显著正相关,与海拔和纬度呈显著负相关,空间分布上呈现经向和纬向的双向变异模式。9个种群两两间的遗传距离系数(欧氏距离系数)分布在2.44 8.16间。Mantel检测发现,种群间遗传距离与两两种群所在地的地理距离(R=0.282 09,P=0.946 3)、气温差值(R=0.456 66,P=0.999 3)和年降水量差值(R=0.233 26,P=0.924 3)的相关性不显著,而与两两种群所在地的海拔间距(R=-0.417 03,P=0.003 2)呈显著负相关,海拔差异在其种群分化中产生了作用,种群生境的异质性影响种群的遗传分化。By means of morphological markers with completely random design and nest design,the geographic variation pattern of the morphological characters of neem（Azadirachta indica） was revealed.Sampled at level of 90 individuals,9 populations,14 phenotypes along gradients of latitude and altitude,and analyzed by multivariate statistics,the results are as follows： The variations existed both among populations and within population.The nutrient characters were positively correlated to the annual mean temperature（21.7—24.8 ℃）,and negatively correlated to altitude（197.0—1 277.0 m） and latitude（23°06＇ N—25°48＇ N）,with space distribution along latitude;The reproductive characters were positively correlated to the annual mean temperature,annual rainfall（197.0—1 277.0 m） and longitude（101°51＇—103°11＇ E）,and negatively correlated to altitude and latitude,with space distribution along latitude and longitude.Euclid’s genetic distance between populations ranged from 2.44 to 8.16.Mantel test showed that the genetic distance among populations was not significantly correlated to the geographic distance（R = 0.282 09,P = 0.946 3）,difference of temperature（R = 0.456 66,P = 0.999 3） and difference of annual rainfall（R =0.233 26,P = 0.924 3）,but was negatively correlate to difference of altitude（R =-0.417 03,P = 0.003 2）,suggesting that the altitude（with heterogeneous environment） might affect the genetic differentiation of populations.

关 键 词：印楝 栽培种群 地理变异格局 环境因子 多元分析 

分 类 号：S792.33[农业科学—林木遗传育种]