不同栽培树形对油橄榄品种果实产量的效应  

Effect of Training System on Fruit Yield of Different Olive Cultivars

作　　者：李娜 戴前莉[2] 祁海红 王海东 李金花[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省陇南市武都区大湾沟油橄榄示范园,甘肃陇南746000 [2]林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2013年第4期521-527,共7页Forest Research

基　　金：甘肃省应用技术研究与开发专项项目(0805TCYA045);林业公益性行业科研专项项目(200704002)

摘　　要：油橄榄（Olea europaea L.）是地中海地区传统而重要的木本油料树种之一,现已有40多个国家引种栽植[1]。我国从20世纪60年代开始规模化引种油橄榄,经过数十年努力,曾一度发展到了2 000万株,但远远不能满足国内橄榄油的消费需求。Longnan City in Gansu Province is the largest base of olive production in China.In the olive orchard locating in Wudu District of Longnan City,thirty trees were sampled each of three cultivars,‘Leccino ’,‘Chenggu32’,‘Ezhi8’,with monoconical and vase training system.After planted with density of 5 × 6 m in 1992,each sample tree was investigated to determine the yield fresh fruit in five different years.The results of survey and analysis showed that there were significant differences of fruit yield among 5 years and 3 cultivars.Different canopy shapes yielded some effect on fruit setting rate and yield of different cultivars in different years.During first fruiting period in the fourth / sixth year after planting,fruit setting rate and yield of ‘Leccino’with monocone were more 6.7% and 0.15 kg than those with vase and those of ‘Ezhi8’and ‘Chenggu32’with vase were more 20%,10% and 0.18 kg,0.09 kg than those with monocone.With the increase of tree age,fruit set and yield of‘Leccino’and ‘Ezhi8’with vase was more than those of monocone.In 2011,average yields per tree of ‘Leccino’and ‘Ezhi8’with vase were more 13.35 kg and 6.85 kg than those with monocone.And the highest yield per tree of ‘Leccino’with vase was 75 kg,more 16 kg than that of monocone.Fruit trees with yield over 35 kg of‘Leccino’ and 25 kg of ‘Ezhi8’with vase accounted for 80% and 46.7%,more 40% and 30.01% than those of monocone.It was concluded that vase training system would produce higher yield of ‘Leccino’and ‘Ezhi8’and its effect and advantages were gradually prominent with increase age.As for ‘Chenggu32’,monocone got a slightly higher yield than that of vase and in 2011 fruit trees with yield over 15 kg accounted for 25%,more 8.34% than vase.The difference between two training system of this cultivar was not obvious.

关 键 词：油橄榄 整形树形 品种 坐果率 果实产量 

分 类 号：S565.7[农业科学—作物学]