全球变化背景下草原畜牧业的危机及其人文-自然系统耦合的解决途径  

Crisis of Pastoralism Associated with Global Changes and Coupled Human-natural Systems for Sustainable Pastoralism Worldwide

作　　者：董世魁[1] 朱晓霞[2] 刘世梁[1] 王学霞[1] 苏旭坤[1] 李媛媛[1] 温璐[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875 [2]河北科技大学理学院,河北石家庄050018

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2013年第4期1-6,共6页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑课题"高寒草地生物多样性综合保护与持续利用技术(2012BAC01B02)";环保公益项目"高寒荒漠区国家级自然保护区生态监测与综合管理研究(201209033)"

摘　　要：应用"农牧系统-牧民生计-体制机制"三维模型,系统分析了气候变化、政策变革等全球变化因素的影响下,世界范围内草原畜牧业面临的挑战和危机。分析结果表明,全球变化已经给草原畜牧业可持续发展带来了极大的压力,而且在未来将会带来更大的压力。气候变化因素使原本脆弱的草原畜牧业向更脆弱的方向发展,社会经济因素使全球多数地区的牧业系统更加边缘化。这一现状迫切需要专家学者、管理者和经营者密切合作,从草地畜牧业的人文—自然耦合系统出发,共同研究、制定全球变化背景下草原畜牧业可持续发展的适应对策,促进牧业系统的稳定性、牧民生计的多样性和体制机制的灵活性,保障这种适应对策能从中央到地方等多个尺度上落实。Applying ＂Ecosystem resilience-livelihood option-institution capacity＂ model,the driving forces for pastoralism degradation and the trends of vulnerability of pastoralism were analyzed based on the ten case studies from seven major pastoral regions across six continents.It was found that the pastoalism has been becoming more and more vulnerable in the developing worlds with global changes.This is challenging the professionals worldwide to sustain and protect the invaluable social,cultural,economic and ecological assets of pastoralism.Professionals,practitioners and policymakers should jointly develop a coupled human and natural system＇s approach focused on enhancing the resilience of pastoral communities and their practices.This requires institutional development to support asset building and good governance to enhance adaptive capability.In addition,pastoralists＇ adaptation strategies to global change need to be supported by public awareness and improved by institutional decisions at different scales and dimensions.

关 键 词：全球变化 草原畜牧业 人文—自然耦合系统 适应性管理 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]