拔节期追氮对冬小麦产量、效益及氮素吸收和利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Topdressing at Jointing Stage on Grain Yield,Benefit,Absorption and Utilization of Nitrogen in Winter Wheat

作　　者：姜丽娜[1] 张凯[1] 宋飞[1] 张新敏[1] 蒿宝珍[2] 李春喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007 [2]新乡学院生命科学与技术系,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2013年第4期716-721,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B14;2012BAD14B08;2013BAD07B14)

摘　　要：为探讨豫北地区合理的氮肥施用模式,以周麦18和济麦22为材料,分析了拔节期追氮对冬小麦籽粒产量、经济效益及氮素吸收和利用的影响。结果表明,在底施纯氮120kg·hm-2的基础上,随拔节期追氮量的增加,籽粒产量呈先增后降趋势,籽粒产量与追氮量之间可用二次曲线方程进行拟合。周麦18和济麦22在追氮140kg·hm-2(N260)处理下籽粒产量和经济效益较高。随追氮量的增加,植株氮素积累总量增长缓慢且有下降趋势,籽粒氮素收获指数、追施氮素利用效率和氮肥偏生产力显著降低,追施氮肥农学利用效率呈先升后降变化趋势。拔节期追氮促进了营养器官氮素向籽粒中转运。各追氮处理下,周麦18和济麦22籽粒氮素分别有81.53%～88.62%和79.65%～89.10%来自营养器官氮素的转运。综合来看,底施氮肥120kg·hm-2结合拔节期追氮140～180kg·hm-2是豫北地区小麦高产高效的氮肥施用模式。In order to obtain the reasonable nitrogen fertilization mode in north of Henan,the effects of nitrogen topdressing at jointing stage on grain yield,fertilizer benefit,absorption and utilization of nitrogen in winter wheat were studied.In this experiment,Zhoumai 18 and Jimai 22 were chosen as field experimental materials.The results showed that grain yield increased and then decreased with the amount adding of nitrogen topdressing under the base nitrogen 120 kg·hm-2.The relation between grain yield and nitrogen topdressing rate could be described as quadratic curve-fitting equation.Zhoumai 18 and Jimai 22 could reach higher grain yield and benefit under N260 treatment which nitrogen topdressing was 140 kg·hm-2.With the nitrogen topdressing increased,TNAA（total nitrogen accumulation amount） in plant increased slowly and sometimes decreased,and meanwhile NHI（nitrogen harvest index）,NRE（nitrogen recovery efficiency） and NPFP（nitrogen partial factor productivity） reduced significantly,while NAE（nitrogen agronomic efficiency） increased at first and then decreased.Nitrogen topdressing at jointing stage could improve the nitrogen translocation amount to grain.Under the nitrogen topdressing treatments,81.53%-88.62% nitrogen in grain came from the nitrogen transportation of vegetative organs in Zhoumai 18,while 79.65%-89.10% in Jimai 22.Taken the above together,120 kg·hm-2 nitrogen as base fertilizer with 140-180 kg·hm-2 nitrogen as topdressing at joint stage was the appropriate nitrogen applying mode in northern Henan.

关 键 词：小麦 氮肥追施 产量 效益 吸收 利用 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311