67份引进美国小麦种质材料的农艺性状调查和抗病性鉴定  

Evaluation of Agronomical Characteristics and Disease Resistance in Wheat Germplasm Introduced from American

作　　者：李艳丽[1] 张军[1] 鲁敏[1] 武军[1] 赵继新[1] 杜万里[1] 庞玉辉[1] 王亮明[1] 刘淑会[1] 杨群慧[1] 陈新宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2013年第4期777-783,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：农业部2013年948项目"美国;印度优异小麦种质资源的引进;评价与利用"(2013-Z28)

摘　　要：为给小麦育种提供新的种质资源,对引进的67份美国小麦种质材料进行了农艺性状调查及其对条锈病、白粉病、赤霉病的抗性鉴定。结果表明,供试材料普遍成熟期较晚,千粒重偏低,株高偏高,但绝大多数为强冬性材料,籽粒大多为硬质且均较饱满。部分材料具有突出优良性状,如单株穗数为50～70的材料有8份,小穗数大于30的材料有4份,穗长在12～14cm之间的材料有9份,穗粒数大于70的材料有7份,株高小于70cm的材料有4份。经成株期条锈病抗性鉴定,67份材料中,对CYR32与CYR33均表现抗病而对混合条锈菌种表现中抗的材料有23份(占34.33%),对CYR32、CYR33以及混合菌种均表现免疫,即具有非小种专化的成株期抗性的材料有6份(占8.96%)。根据成株期白粉病自然发病圃抗性鉴定结果,有17份材料(占25.37%)对田间混合小种表现抗病,其中有7份材料(占10.45%)表现免疫,1份材料(占1.49%)表现高抗,9份材料(占13.43%)表现中抗。从赤霉病诱发鉴定结果看,没有表现免疫与高抗的材料,28份材料(占41.79%)表现中抗,其余材料均感病。综合来看,这批种质材料含有丰富的条锈病和白粉病的抗性基因,其中有5份材料综合抗病性好,17份材料兼抗两种病害,这些材料可用于小麦抗病育种。In order to explore new germplasm,agronomical characteristics and disease resistance of 67 wheat accessions introduced from American were investigated and evaluated.The results showed that most of these materials were late-maturing,winterness,less in 1000-grain weight and higher in plant height.Most grains were plump and hardness.Some germplasm with excellent agronomical traits were found,such as 4 accessions with plant height within 70 cm,8 accessions with 50 to 70 spikes per plant,4 accessions with over 30 spikelets,9 accessions with spike length from 12 to 14 cm and 7 accessions with grains number surpassed 70.The resistance to different races of stripe rust was tested at adult stage and showed that 23 accessions（34.33%） appeared resistant to CYR32,CYR33 and moderately resistant to mixed races.6 accessions（8.96%） appeared immune to CYR32,CYR33 and mixed races respectively,indicating that they had race non-specific resistance to currently prevalent stripe rust races.The resistance to natural mixed races of powdery mildew showed that 17 accessions（25.37%） appeared resistant and 7 accessions（10.45%） of them were immune to currently prevalent powdery mildew races.The resistance to natural mixed races of head blight showed that there were no immune or highly resistant accessions;only 28（41.79%） accessions appeared moderately resistant.All the disease resistance results indicating that these American wheat accessions may have abundant resistance genes to stripe rust and powdery mildew but lack of resistance gene to head blight.Combining the agronomical traits and disease resistance,5 accessions with strongest resistance and 17 accessions with stronger resistance were screened out,and they may make significant contribution to disease resistance breeding.

关 键 词：美国 小麦 农艺性状 抗病性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S435.121