小麦内胚乳细胞及其淀粉体的发育  

Development of Starch Endosperm Cells and Amyloplasts in Wheat

作　　者：荆彦平[1] 刘大同[1] 李栋梁[1] 李小刚[1] 曾惜[1] 顾蕴洁[1] 王忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2013年第4期818-824,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(3107134;31270228);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(2009320004)

摘　　要：为了探明小麦内胚乳细胞发育和淀粉体生长的规律,以不同发育天数的小麦颖果为材料,利用树脂半薄切片和胚乳细胞分离等方法研究了内胚乳细胞及其淀粉体的形态、数目和生长过程。结果如下:(1)小麦内胚乳细胞呈不规则的多面体形态,内含大、小两种淀粉体,大淀粉体呈鹅卵石形,小淀粉体呈圆球形;(2)内胚乳细胞的生长呈"S"型曲线,花后16～24d是细胞生长最快的时期;(3)大淀粉体的增殖和生长主要在花后4～16d进行,小淀粉体在花后16d大量出现并快速增殖,至胚乳发育后期小淀粉体数量占内胚乳细胞淀粉体总量的90%以上;(4)内胚乳细胞核在颖果发育中、后期发生衰亡,淀粉体在核衰亡过程中仍然能增殖和生长。To clarify the development and growth rule of endosperm cell and amyloplast,wheat caryopsis at different developmental days was used as the experimental material in the study.The shape,number and the development process of the starch endosperm cells and amyloplasts were analysed by observation of semi-thin sections and separation of starch endosperm cells.The results were as follows：（1） The starch endosperm cell was polyhedron shape,there were two kinds of amyloplasts,the large amyloplast was in pebble-shape,and the small amyloplast was in spherical-shape;（2）The growth of starch endosperm cell presented S-curve during the endosperm development.The starch endosperm cell grew fastest during 16-24 d after flowering;（3） The proliferation and growth of large amyloplast mainly occurred at 4-16 d after flowering.The small amyloplast appeared in large numbers at 16d later after flowering and then gradually increased in numbers.At late stage,the number of small amyloplasts accounted for more than 90% of the total amyloplast in starch endosperm cell.（4） The nuclei of starch endosperm cell was degenerated in middle and late stage of development,while amyloplast still proliferated and grew during the nuclei degenerated.

关 键 词：小麦 内胚乳细胞 淀粉体 发育 增殖 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S331