河南省2010年饮水型地方性氟中毒的现状调查  

Investigation of drinking water-born endemic fluorosis in Henan province in 2010

作　　者：刘洋[1] 余波[1] 郝宗宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省疾病预防控制中心地方病预防控制所氟中毒防治研究室,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2013年第15期2776-2779,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金河南省地方病防治项目(2009)

摘　　要：目的调查河南省饮水型氟中毒病区病情现状,评价防治措施落实效果,为制订防治策略提供科学依据。方法 2010年在河南省饮水型氟中毒病区抽取10个县,各县随机抽1个病区村,各随机抽取10个降氟改水工程,调查所有病区村8～12岁儿童氟斑牙情况,X线摄片检查25岁以上成人氟骨症以及监测点的改水工程运行情况。结果监测100个降氟改水工程,全部正常运行,其中水氟超标工程占15%;调查30个病区村中,7个为已改水村,降氟改水工程水氟含量全部合格,调查847名8～12岁儿童,氟斑牙检出率50.53%,缺损率6.38%,调查352名25岁以上成人氟骨症X线检出率5.68%,其中中度以上氟骨症2.27%;23个为未改水村,水氟﹥1.2mg/L且≤2.0mg/L村11个,水氟﹥2.0mg/L村12个,2240名8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率54.33%,缺损率15.80%,1162名25岁以上成人氟骨症X线检出率5.85%,其中中度以上氟骨症3.01%。结论河南省降氟改水工程水氟含量超标现象严重,饮水型氟中毒病情依然严重,应进一步加大防治力度并提高降氟改水工程合格率。OBJECTIVE To understand the current status of drinking water-born endemic fluorosis and the effect of preven- tive measures in Henan province, so as to provide a basis to prevent and cure the disease. METHODS Ten counties with drinking water-born endemic fluorosis were selected. Ten defluoridation projects were sampled by random sampling in every county for surveillance, all affected villages in every county were divided into mild, moderate and severe monitoring of endemic fluorosis areas and a village was randomly selected from each category of the area to carry out the monitoring of endemic fluorosis. Dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 were diagnosed in the above-mentioned villages and skeletal fluorosis diagnosed by X-rays. RESULTS Among 100 water improvement projects investigated, all were running normally. Fluoride level of 15 source water exceeded the standard, accounting for 15%. A total of 30 affected villages were investigated, among which the drinking water quality of 7 villages were improved, and all the fluoride content of 7 villages were normal. In the 7 villages, detection rate of dental fluorosis of 847 children aged 8 to 12 was 50.53% , defect rate was 6.38%, detection rate of skeletal fluorosis by X-ray among 352 adults over 25 years were 5.68%. The monitoring was also carried out in 23 non-water-improving villages, among which 11 villages had water fluoride content﹥2.0mg/L and ≤4.0mg/L, 12 villages had water fluoride content﹥2.0mg/L. In the 23 villages, detection rate of dental fluorosis of 2 240 children aged 8 to 12 was 54.33% , defect rate was 15.80%, detection rates of skeletal fluorosis by X-ray among 1 162 adults over 25 years were 5.85% , in which 3.01% moderate osteofluorosis. CONCLUSION The fluoride level of defluoridation projects exceeding the standard is serious, the endemic fluorosis is still comparatively serious in Henan, so the defluoridation project should be fulfilled as soon as possi ble and the acceptability of water should be enhanced.

关 键 词：地方病 氟中毒 牙 氟骨症 结果评价 

分 类 号：R599.9[医药卫生—内科学]