美国“再平衡”战略对中日钓鱼岛争端的影响  

U.S. Rebalancing Strategy and Its Impacts on the Disputes between China and Japan over the Diaoyu Islands

作　　者：夏立平[1] 罗毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学政治与国际关系学院

出　　处：《美国研究》2013年第2期29-44,5-6,共16页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

基　　金：夏立平主持的教育部人文社科重点基地重大项目"美国太空战略及其对中国国家安全的影响"(项目批准号:2009JJD810003)的中期成果之一;同济大学国家985工程哲学社会科学创新基地项目"全球治理与中欧关系"和"全球变化与中国国家利益研究"的资助

摘　　要：美国亚太"再平衡"战略,包括全球战略、军事战略、联盟战略、军事部署、区域经济合作战略等五个层次的"再平衡"。美国对钓鱼岛政策经历了一个从把钓鱼岛排除在日本版图之外到将钓鱼岛行政权私相授受给日本,但在中日钓鱼岛争端中采取低姿态立场,再到高调介入中日钓鱼岛争端的演变过程。奥巴马政府推行"再平衡"战略,高调介入东亚事务和钓鱼岛争端,是日本采取将钓鱼岛国有化等挑衅行动的重要外部因素之一。从美国政府关于钓鱼岛争端的言论和行动情况分析,美国既希望中日因钓鱼岛问题持续相争,又不愿由于中日发生武装冲突而使美国处于尴尬境地。因此,美国将继续其"在钓鱼岛最终主权归属问题上不持立场"的政策,但宣称钓鱼岛"处于日本的有效控制之下",并反对任何改变现状的单方面行动。与此同时,美国也对日本进一步采取挑衅行动的意图进行制约。U.S. Rebalance Strategy toward the Asia-Pacific region contains five levels of rebalancing: the level of global strategy, of military strategy, of alignment strategy, of military deployment, and of regional economic cooperation strategy. US policy towards the Diaoyu Islands has experienced a process from excluding the Diaoyu Islands from the territory of Japan to transferring the administration of the Diaoyu Islands to Japan privately. From 1970s to 2009, the U.S government took low profile towards the dispute. However, since 2010, the Obama Administration has pursued the rebalancing strategy, pivoting to East Asia, which became one of the important factors for Japan to 'nationalize the Diaoyu Islands.' The analysis of the statements and actions of the U.S. government indicates that the U.S would like to see the continuance of disputes between China and Japan over the Diaoyu Islands, but does not want to see armed conflicts between the two countries, which may put the U.S. in an awkward position. So the U.S. government will continue its policy not taking a position on the ultimate sovereignty of the Diaoyu Islands. However, the U.S. holds that the Diaoyu Islands are under effective control by Japan and opposes any unilateral action to change the status quo. By taking that posture, the U.S. intends to prevent China from recovering the Diaoyu Islands by force, and meanwhile, it also tries to restrict Japan,s intention to take further provocative action over the Diaoyu Islands.

关 键 词：美国外交 战略 亚太 再平衡 钓鱼岛 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]