东亚特有种五唇兰的开花物候与繁殖特性  

Study on Flowering Phenology and Reproductive Features of Phalaenopsis pulcherrima(Orchidaceae)

作　　者：张哲[1,2] 宋希强[1] 朱国鹏[2] 黄绵佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学园艺园林学院,海南海口570228 [2]热带作物种质资源保护与开发利用教育部重点实验室,海南海口570228

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2013年第7期1223-1227,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(No.201204604);海南省科技成果示范推广专项(No.CGSF20120001-02;CGSF2011003);海南省自然科学基金项目(No.312063);2011年海南省研究生创新科研课题(Hys2011-12)

摘　　要：运用花期持续时间、开花振幅、相对开花强度及开花同步性指数等指标,对分布于海南省霸王岭国家级自然保护区内的3个五唇兰自然居群的开花物候（2011~2012年）进行观察、统计和分析。结果表明：五唇兰花期为5月下旬到10月上旬,居群花期历时（120~138）d,个体平均开花持续时间39～69 d,单花花期为（4.58±2.45）d;五唇兰居群开花进程表现出＂多重高峰＂的开花模式;个体相对开花强度分布频率集中在10%~20%。开花物候指数与繁殖间的相关分析表明：始花时间与花期持续时间、开花数呈极显著负相关,与结实率呈负相关;花期持续时间与开花数呈极显著正相关,与结实率呈极显著负相关;开花数与结实率呈极显著负相关;开花同步性指数与始花时间、开花数呈极显著负相关,与花期持续时间呈正相关。Flowering phenology is an important part of the reproductive ecology research and the most widely and deeply aspect of plant phenology research.From 2011 to 2012,an investigation was conducted on the flowering phenology of three Phalaenopsis pulcherrima natural populations in Bawangling National Nature Reserves of Hainan Province,and the indices such as flowering duration,flowering amplitude,relative flowering intensity and flowering synchrony were adopted to study.The results show that： The flowering period of test populations was from late May to early October,lasting 120～138 days,the flowering duration of individual plants was averagely 39～69 days,but the life span of single flower was（2.79±1.01）d（emasculated） and（4.58±2.45）d（control check）respectively;The flowering had multimodal peak,concentrated in a continue period.P.pulcherrima had a lower relative flowering intensity,being from 10% to 20%.The correlation analysis of flowering indices and reproductive features showed that the onset time of flowering had significant negative correlation with the duration of flowering and flower number,and negative correlations with fruit set ratio;The duration of flowering had significant positive correlations with flower number but significant negative correlations with fruit set ratio;The flower number was significantly positively correlated fruit set ratio;The flowering synchrony index was significantly negatively correlated with the onset time and flower number,but positive correlations with duration of flowering.

关 键 词：蝴蝶兰属 开花同步性 相对开花强度 结实率 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]