滴灌条件下杨树人工林土壤的水分运移  

Soil Water Movement in a Poplar Plantation under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：傅建平[1] 兰再平[1] 孙尚伟[1] 刘俊琴[1] 张勇 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院世界银行项目办公室,北京100091 [2]大兴区林场,北京102602

出　　处：《林业科学》2013年第6期25-29,共5页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家林业局引进国际先进林业科学技术项目"速生丰产林自动化节水灌溉与高效栽培管理技术引进"(2009-4-48)

摘　　要：采用田间土壤剖面观测法,对北京永定河故道沙地上地表滴灌栽培的杨树人工林的土壤水分运移规律进行研究,在滴头流量恒定为4L·h-1的条件下,试验和测定不同滴灌时长和停灌后土壤湿润锋的运移距离和土壤湿润体的形态。结果表明:土壤湿润锋随着滴灌时长的增加在垂直和水平方向上的运移距离逐渐增大,每增加1h滴灌时长,土壤湿润锋的垂直运移距离的增幅逐渐减小,水平运移距离的增幅则大小不一;在各时长滴灌停灌后,土壤湿润锋将继续在垂直方向和水平方向上运移1～3h,在垂直方向上的继续运移距离为2～10cm,除在土壤最深处的水平继续运移距离明显较大外,在各土壤深处水平方向上的继续运移距离为1～10cm;在持续滴灌1～6h后,土壤湿润锋最终可以垂直运移到36～69cm,水平运移到32～57cm,持续滴灌3～4h后即可在0～40cm土层内形成以滴头为圆心,半径30～40cm的土壤湿润体;持续滴灌1～3h后土壤湿润体形态为逐渐增大的扁半椭球体,持续滴灌4～6h后土壤湿润体形态为逐渐增大的长半椭球体。In this paper, we studied the patterns of soil water movement in poplar plantation with a ground drip irrigation system on sandy land of ancient Yongding River in Beijing by observing soil profile in the field. We measured the movement distance of wet soil front and the shape of wet soil body under condition of various durations of drip irrigation with a constant flow rate of 4 L.h-1. The results showed that： the movement distance of wet soil front in the vertical and horizontal directions increased with increased duration of drip irrigation. The increment of wet front movement distance in vertical direction decreased, while the increment of wet front movement distance in horizontal direction varied in a given range, with each 1 hour increase of irrigation time. the movement of wet soil front continued to migrate for 1 - 3 h in the vertical and horizontal directions for 1 -3 h with the movement distance of 2 - 10 cm in vertical direction and 1 - 10 cm in horizontal direction at various soil depths except for at the deepest soil layer that was significantly larger than other soil depths, after stopping drip irrigation with various irrigation durations. The wet soil front moved to the end 36 -69 cm in vertical direction and 32 -57 cm in horizontal direction after drip irrigation for 1 -6 h, while a wet soil body with a radii of 30 - 40 cm around the dripper at soil layers of 0 - 40 cm formed after drip irrigation for 3 - 4 h. After drip irrigation for 1 -3 h, the wet soil body was gradually developing into an oblate ellipsoid, while the wet soil body developed into an prelate ellipsoid after drip irrigation for 4 - 6 h.

关 键 词：杨树人工林 滴灌 土壤水分运移 土壤湿润锋 土壤湿润体 

分 类 号：S725.7[农业科学—林木遗传育种]