大鲵资源现状与保护建议  

Present situation of natural resources and protection recommendations of Andrias davidianus

作　　者：梁志强[1,2,3] 张书环[1] 王崇瑞[3] 危起伟[1,2] 伍远安[3] 

机构地区：[1]农业部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,武汉430223 [2]西南大学生命科学学院,重庆400715 [3]湖南省水产科学研究所,长沙410153

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2013年第B07期13-17,共5页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203086）;湖南省畜牧水产局养殖业科研项目（201108）

摘　　要：大鲵（Andriasdavidianus）为我国特有两栖动物，国家二级重点保护动物。大鲵自然地理分布以我国大陆第二阶梯为主，秦巴山脉与武陵山脉为多。我国政府对大鲵保护高度重视，已建立53个涉及到大鲵保护的自然保护区，然而大鲵自然种群衰退明显。根据现场抽样调查并结合文献，估算目前我国大鲵自然资源量仅约为7．50万尾，与庞大的人工养殖群体数量形成鲜明对比，大鲵自然种群及其栖息地的有效保护迫在眉睫。建议在加强自然保护的同时，采取“哪里来放回哪里”的原则，在科学规划和论证的基础上，适度开展大鲵人工增殖放流，加强对放流群体的标志与跟踪监测，加强大鲵遗传研究，建立大鲵DNA信息库，以使大鲵自然种群得以逐步恢复、大鲵养殖产业得以可持续。Andrias davidianus is an endangered amphibian endemic to China. It was listed in Category 2 of national pro- tected aquatic wildlife in 1988. Statistics shows that it is mostly distributed the Qinba Mountains and the Wuling Mountains in the secondary topography ladder in China. Chinese government pays high attention to conservate natural population of A. davidianus and has already set up 53 nature reserves to protect the endangered species, but the natural population de- clined obviously. Based on the field sampling results and literature information, we estimate that the amount of natural re- sources of A. davidianus is about 75 thousands, and is significantly less than that of artificial breeding groups. The work of effective protecting the natural population and their habitat is imminent. We recommend strengthening the protection of na- ture population and their habitat, adopting the principle of ＂Put back to the waters from whence they came＂, on the basis of scientific planning and demonstration, developing moderately artificial releasing, strengthening the mark on tagging and tracking monitoring group, enhanceing the genetic study and establishing DNA information database, in order to make the natural population of A. davidianus to be gradually restored, and its breeding industry to be sustainable.

关 键 词：大鲵(Andrias davidianus) 自然资源 现状 保护建议 

分 类 号：S937.0[农业科学—渔业资源]