不同生境下苹果树腐烂病菌有性态的发生及生物学特性研究  

Study on occurrence and biological characteristics of Valsa ceratosperma sexuality in different habitats

作　　者：陈臻[1,2] 徐秉良[1] 蒲崇建 韩健[1] 李昭煜[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院植物病理系.草业生态系统教育部重点实验室.甘肃省草业工程实验室.中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省植保植检站,兰州730020

出　　处：《果树学报》2013年第4期644-649,I0006,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903004);农业部公益性行业专项(201203034);国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28)

摘　　要：【目的】为了明确苹果树腐烂病菌有性态在不同生境条件下的发生情况及生物学特性,【方法】以甘肃省6市11县(区)不同生境条件下患病的苹果树病皮为试验材料,对苹果树腐烂病菌有性态的形态学、形成时间、侵染性和子囊孢子萌发条件进行研究。【结果】甘肃省苹果树腐烂病原菌有性态为Valsa ceratosperma(Tode et Fr)Maire,仅分布在甘肃东部气候较湿润的天水、平凉、庆阳3地,形成时间天水在8月中下旬,平凉和庆阳在9月中下旬。平凉菌株子囊壳埋藏最深,达809.85μm,与天水、庆阳菌株差异显著。三地的有性态子囊孢子在最适条件下均可萌发,36 h内不同光照条件下,各地子囊孢子的萌发率差异不显著。子囊孢子在不同光照和不同营养条件下都能萌发,以全黑暗条件下和PDA培养基上的萌发率最高。【结论】苹果树腐烂病菌有性态分布在气候较为湿润、年平均温度较高的地区,有性态无侵染性,光照和营养条件对子囊孢子萌发有显著影响。[Objective]The objective of the study was to elucidate the occurrence and biological characteris- tics of Valsa ceratosperma sexuality in different habitats. [MethodlApple tree canker bark were collected from 11 counties under different habitat conditions in Gansu Province. The sexual generation morphology, the formation timing, infection and ascospores germination conditions of apple tree canker fungus were studied. [Result]The results showed that the sexuality of pathogen distributed only in more humid regions in the eastern province,Tianshui, Pingliang and Qingyang. Formation timing was in the middle and late August at Tianshui, and in the middle and late September at Pingliang and Qingyang. The buried depth of perithecium from Pingliang was the deepest, with an average depth of 809.85 p,m. The ascospores of sexu- ality could germinate under optimal conditions, but the germination rats was not significant among the re- gions. Ascospores could germinate under different light and nutritional conditions, while germination rate was the highest under full darkness and PDA nutritional condition. [Conclusion]The studies suggested that V. ceratosperma sexuality distributed in more humid areas with high annual average temperature and had no infection. Light and nutrient conditions had significant effect on ascospore germination.

关 键 词：苹果树腐烂病 有性态 生境 发生 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]