种植密度对春玉米干物质、氮素积累与转运及产量的影响  

Effects of Planting Densities on Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation and Grain Yield in Spring Maize

作　　者：胡富亮[1] 郭德林[1] 高杰[1] 路海东[1] 张仁和[1] 薛吉全[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,农业部西北旱区玉米生物学与遗传育种国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2013年第6期60-66,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划973计划(2009CB118604);国家自然科学基金(30971722);西北农林科技大学创新专项(QN2011086)

摘　　要：以玉米品种陕单609和郑单958为材料,设置4.5(D1)、6.0(D2)、7.5(D3)、9.0(D4)万·hm-2 4个种植密度,研究种植密度对春玉米产量及干物质、氮素转运的影响。结果表明,在D1到D4密度区间,2个品种产量均随密度的增加而增加,在D4密度下最高,分别为13 660.5和13 452kg·hm-2。与D1密度相比,陕单609在D2、D3、D4密度下的产量分别增加16.75%、28.74%、35.34%;郑单958在D2、D3、D4密度下的产量分别增加16.38%、29.96%、37.06%。通过回归方程可知,陕单609最高产密度为10.238万·hm-2,郑单958为9.049 8万·hm-2。叶面积指数、光能截获率随种植密度增加显著增大,而底层透光率显著减小。2个品种的群体干物质积累量和各器官的干物质及氮素积累量、转运量(率)、物质转运对籽粒的贡献率均随种植密度增加而增大。各器官中,氮素积累量、转运量与干物质积累量、转运量呈显著性相关。说明,种植密度通过干物质积累与转运来影响氮素的积累与转运。增加玉米种植密度,有助于增加光合面积、提高有效光能截获率、提高干物质及氮素的积累量和转运量,从而提高玉米籽粒产量。Effects of planting densities on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and grain yield were studied in two high-yielding maize cultivars（Shaandan 609 and Zhengdan 958） with four planting densities,45 000（D1）,60 000（D2）,75 000（D3）,90 000（D4） plants·hm-2.In the tested range of planting density,the yields of two cultivars increased with the increase of planting density,and the highest yield were obtained at planting density D4,with the yield of 13 660.5 and 13 452 kg·hm-2,respectively.Compared with the planting density D1,for Shaandan 609,the grain yields at the planting densities D2,D3,D4 were increased by 16.75%,28.74% and 35.34%,respectively;and for Zhengdan 958,increased by 16.38%,29.96%,and 37.06%,respectively.Regression analysis showed that the highest yield would be reached at the density of 102 380 plants·hm-2 for Shaandan 609 and 90 498 plants·hm-2 for Zhengdan 958.With the increase of planting density,the leaf area index（LAI） and percent of natural light interception increased significantly,while percent transmission of bottom decreased significantly.Population dry matters and accumulations,translocations,translocation rates,contribution rates of dry matter and accumulations,translocations,translocation rates,contribution rates of N nutrient in different organs increased with the increase of planting density.Accumulations and translocations of N nutrient had a remarkably negative correlation with the accumulation and translocation of dry matter in each organ;which suggested planting densities influenced accumulations and translocations of N nutrient through accumulation and translocation of dry matter.The results suggested that increasing planting density can enhance the photosynthetic area,increase effective light interception and increase accumulations and translocations of dry matter and N nutrient,thus improve the grain yield.

关 键 词：玉米 种植密度 干物质与氮素 积累与转运 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]