施肥对全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤养分动态变化的影响  

Effects of fertilization on soil nutrient dynamics for maize with full plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows

作　　者：徐振峰[1] 牛俊义[1] 高玉红[1] 李洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2013年第3期36-42,共7页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30960187)资助

摘　　要：采用大田随机区组试验法,研究了不同施肥水平下全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷的动态变化情况。结果表明:整个玉米生育时期0～20cm土层各处理的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷变化趋势与20～40cm土层基本一致。土壤有机质和碱解氮含量随着玉米生育时期的推进而不断降低,且分别在抽雄期和灌浆期达到最低值,成熟期有机质和碱解氮含量又略有回升。全磷含量从苗期到成熟期逐渐降低。全氮和速效磷含量在玉米生长前期不断增加,且分别在抽雄期和拔节期达到最大值,之后随着生育期的推进而不断降低。两个土层的土壤养分含量存在着明显的垂直递减规律。西北干旱半干旱地区全膜双垄沟播玉米种植密度确定为6.75×104株/hm-2时,最佳施肥量为纯N 210kg/hm2、P2O5168kg/hm2。To further planting in catchment fu improve maize cultivating techniques of full plastic-film mulching on double ridges and rrows, field experiments were conducted to determine the dynamic response of the soil nutrients in soil（0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm） to different N and P fertilizer application rates by using a random- ized complete block design with 3 replications. Results revealed that the of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, to- tal phosphorus,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and available phosphorus change trend in 0 to 20 cm soil layer simi- lar with those in 20 to 40 cm layer in whole maize growth period. Soil organic matter and alkaline hydrolysis ni- trogen content decreased along with the maize growth stage and,and reached a minimum in tasseling and filling stage respectively, the organic matter and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen slightly increased in the maturation stage. Total phosphorus content gradually reduced from seedling stage to maturity. Total nitrogen and available phos- phorus content increased at the early stage of the maize growth, and reached the maximum at tasseling stage and jointing stage separately,then decreased with the development of growth stage. The soil nutrient content in two layers showed an obvious vertical diminishing pattern. In the arid or semiarid areas of northwestern China,the optimal application rate was 210 kg N/ha and 168 kg P2O5/ha when plant density was 6.75 × 104 plant/ha.

关 键 词：全膜双垄沟播玉米 施肥 土壤养分 动态变化 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]