汽车制造业不同工种工伤事故分布特征的研究  

The study of occupational accidents in automobile workers

作　　者：郑建如[1] 陈静[1] 李秀楼[1] 王树新[2] 

机构地区：[1]东风汽车公司卫生防病中心,湖北十堰442000 [2]东风汽车公司安技环保处

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2000年第4期19-20,共2页China Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：目的　探索汽车制造不同工种工人工伤事故发生的种类 ,特征及影响因素 ,为劳动安全部门制定防治对策。方法　对 3 6 5 1例工伤档案资料按种类和分布特征进行描述和分析。结果　受伤者中机加工、冲压工、特种工、辅助工、铸造工分别占 2 0 3 %、16 1%、 16 9%、 2 0 2 %、 8 6 %。男女工伤人数分别为 3 0 6 1人和 5 90人 ,工伤率分别为 4 0‰和1 5‰。冲压工工伤率和致残率最高 ,达 2 2 4%和 36 5 %。结论　工伤的主要原因是人为因素 ,占工伤总数的 49 1% ,其中违章操作占 34 2 %。建议加强安全教育、技术培训以及日常安全监督 ,改善作业条件 。Objective To study the pattern and to explore the influence factors of occupational injuries in various automobile workers. Methods 3 651 occupational accidents records from the Safety Technology Department were analyzed and the variety and distribution of occupational injuries were described. Results The occupational injury incidence rates in male and female were 4.0 and 1.5 per 1 000 workers respectively. Most of them were younger than 30 years old (53.9%) and length of service under five years (51.8%). The injuries mostly occurred in mechanical workers (20.3%), stamping workers (16.1%), special workers(16.9%), auxiliary workers (20.2%) and founders (8.6%). The stamping workers possessed the highest injury incidence rate (22.4%) and the highest disable rate (36.5%) among all workers. Conclusion The main reason of the occupational injuries was violation of safety operating rules, it would be necessary to strengthen effective safety education and operating training to reduce the occupational injuries.

关 键 词：汽车制造业 工伤事故 分布特征 种类 

分 类 号：X928[环境科学与工程—安全科学]