太极拳和健美操锻炼对大学生静态平衡能力的影响  

The Effect of Taijiquan Practice and Aerobic Dance on Static Balance Ability of College Students

作　　者：李旭龙[1] 纪仲秋[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2013年第7期591-595,600,共6页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：教育部人文社科课题(批准号:11YJA880037)

摘　　要：目的:探讨太极拳和健美操锻炼对大学生静态平衡能力的影响。方法:随机选取北京师范大学2011级本科男生30名,分为对照组和健美操干预组、太极拳干预组,每组10人,后两组分别进行12周健美操和太极拳运动干预。干预前后对三个组分别进行站立平衡测试、稳定极限测试、关节力矩测试、本体感觉测试和肌电测试。结果:12周健美操或太极拳练习后,(1)在站立平衡和本体感觉测试中,健美操组和太极拳组的前庭功能均显著提高(P<0.05)。健美操组在15度、30度和45度的本体感觉上显著提高(P<0.05),太极拳组在15度和30度上显著提高(P<0.05);(2)在稳定极限测试中,太极拳组前向活动度显著提高(P<0.05),健美操组左、右方向活动度显著提高(P<0.05);(3)在踝关节力矩测试中,健美操组跖屈力矩非常显著提高(P<0.01),太极拳组跖屈和背屈力矩均显著提高(P<0.05);(4)在反应时间和肌电测试中,健美操组和太极拳组反应时间均显著缩短(P<0.05)。健美操组腓肠肌内外侧RMS值均显著升高(P<0.05)。太极拳组胫骨前肌和腓肠肌内侧RMS值均显著升高(P<0.05),腓肠肌外侧RMS值非常显著升高(P<0.01)。结论:太极拳和健美操练习均能提高人体静态平衡能力。健美操提高本体感觉的效果更好,而太极拳提高肌肉力量的效果更好。Objective To explore the effect of Taijiquan practice and aerobic dance on static balance ability of college students. Methods 30 male students were randomly selected and divided into control group, aerobic dance group and Taijiquan practice group, each group contained 10 students. Students in the two intervention groups underwent Taijiquan practice or aerobic dance for 12 weeks. Standing balance ,stability limit,joint torque,proprioception and EMG of all subjects were determined before and after 12-week experiment. Results After 12-week experiment, （1）the vestibular function of aerobic dance and Taijiquan practice groups significantly improved（P 〈 0.05）;aerobic dance improved 15-,30- and 45-degree proprioception significantly （P 〈 0.05）,while Taijiquan practice improved only 15- and 30-degree proprioception （P 〈 0.05）; （2）the anterior ROM of joint significantly improved in Taijiquan practice group, while lateral ROM of joint improved in aerobic dance group （P 〈 0.05） ; （3）the ankle plantar flexion torque of aerobic dance group and dorsiflexion torque of Taijiquan practice improved significantly （P 〈 0.01） and the plantar flexion group improved significantly （P 〈 0.05）; （4）the reactiontime of both aerobic dance group and Taijiquan practice group decreased significantly （P 〈 0.05）,the root mean square （RMS） of lateral and medial gastrocnemius in aerobic dance group improved significantly （P 〈 0.05）,and the RMS of tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius （P 〈 0.05）,and of lateral gastrocnemius （P 〈 0.01） in Taijiquan practice group improved significantly. Conclusion Both Taijiquan practice and aerobic dance improve static balance ability of the subjects,the former reveals better effect on improvement of muscle strength and the latter on improvement of proprioception.

关 键 词：太极拳 健美操 平衡能力 本体感觉 

分 类 号：G852.11[文化科学—民族体育]