稻蟹共作模式稻田水质水平变化初步研究  

Preliminary study on level changes of water quality in rice-crab culture

作　　者：张云杰[1] 王昂[1] 马旭洲[1] 王武[1] 李岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学省部共建水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2013年第14期16-19,共4页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：上海市中华绒螯蟹产业技术体系;上海市重点学科建设项目(Y1101);国家星火计划项目(2011GA680001);欧盟FP7亚欧水产平台(245020)

摘　　要：以稻田为试验对象,设置了稻田养蟹与不养蟹两种模式,并在稻田四周开挖环沟。分别于水稻的4个生长时期(分蘖期、拔节期、扬花期和灌浆期),在环沟、边际和田间各随机选取3个点采集水样,测定两种模式稻田水质的水平变化。所测的水环境指标包括溶解氧(DO)、水温(T)、pH值、氨氮(NH3-N)、亚硝酸盐(NO2-N)、硝酸盐(NO3-N)和磷酸盐(PO4-P)。结果表明,养蟹田在水稻生长的4个时期,环沟、边际和田间之间的DO、pH值和T均无显著差异;但不养蟹田DO在拔节和灌浆期存在显著差异。在扬花期与灌浆期,养蟹田与不养蟹田的环沟、边际、田间的DO和NO3-N分别存在显著差异。前期因为施基肥的缘故,所测各项指标均较高,养蟹田在灌浆期,环沟与田间的NH3-N、NO2-N、PO4-P含量差异显著;扬花期和灌浆期,养蟹田与不养蟹田环沟、边际和田间NH3-N含量均存在显著差异。整体来看,养蟹田较不养蟹田的DO低,环沟中氮磷指标也较田间稍高。This study set two models： rice-crab and rice monoculture, and took paddy field as research object, a ring ditch was dug around the paddy inside, we random selected 3 points in ring ditch, edge and field respectively to collect water samples to survey the level changes of water environment factors in rice-crab and rice monocuhure system. We investigated water environment factors including dissolved oxygen （DO）, temperature （T）, pH, nitrate-nitrogen （NO3-N）, nitrite-nitrogen （NO2-N）, ammonium-nitrogen （NH3-N） and orthophosphate （PO4-P） at 4 rice growth stages （tillering, jointing, flowering and filling stage）. Results indicated that T, pH and DO in rice-crab culture had no significant difference at 4 rice growth stages, but DO in rice monoculture was significantly different at jointing and filling stages; at flowering and filling stages, DO of ditch, edge and field in rice-crab had significant difference with that of rice monocultare system; pH and T of ring ditch, edge and field in rice-crab had no significant difference with that in rice monocuhure respectively at whole rice growing stages. NO2-N, NH3-N and PO4-P showed significant difference at filling stage; at flowering and filling stages, nitrate-nitrogen （NO3-N） in ditch, edge and field in rice-crab had significant difference with nitrate-nitrogen （NO3-N） in ring ditch, edge and field in rice monocuhure respectively. Compared to rice monoculture, DO of rice-crab was higher, and the nitrogen and phosphorus in ditch were higher than field.

关 键 词：稻田养蟹 水环境指标 水平变化 环沟 边际 田间 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]